Editing Colorado (section)

===Twentieth and twenty-first centuries===
[[File:16th street denver L.C McClure.jpg|thumb|upright|16th Street in Denver in 1912]]
[[File:Ruins of Ludlow restored.jpg|thumb|The ruins of the [[Ludlow massacre|Ludlow Colony]] in the aftermath of the 1914 massacre.]]
Poor labor conditions and discontent among miners resulted in several major clashes between strikers and the [[Colorado Army National Guard|Colorado National Guard]], including the [[Colorado Labor Wars|1903–1904 Western Federation of Miners Strike]] and [[Colorado Coalfield War]], the latter of which included the [[Ludlow massacre]] that killed a dozen women and children.<ref name="Philip Ross 1969">Philip Taft and Philip Ross, "American Labor Violence: Its Causes, Character, and Outcome", The History of Violence in America: A Report to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence, ed. Hugh Davis Graham and Ted Robert Gurr, 1969.</ref><ref>McGovern, George; Guttridge, Leonard. ''The Great Coalfield War''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1972. 88, 89 p.</ref> Both the 1913–1914 Coalfield War and the [[Denver streetcar strike of 1920]] resulted in federal troops intervening to end the violence.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/denvertramwayst00actigoog/page/n32/mode/2up|page=33|title=The Denver Tramway Strike of 1920|year=1921|last1=Devine|first1=Edward T.|last2=Ryan|first2=John A.|last3=Lapp|first3=John A.|publisher=The Denver Commission of Religious Forces and [[National Catholic Welfare Council]]|access-date=October 12, 2020}}</ref> In 1927, the [[1927–1928 Colorado Coal Strike|1927-28 Colorado coal strike]] occurred and was ultimately successful in winning a dollar a day increase in wages.<ref>{{cite journal |last=McClurg |first=Donald J. |year=1963 |title=The Colorado Coal Strike of 1927 &ndash; Tactical Leadership of the IWW |journal=Labor History |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=71 |doi=10.1080/00236566308583916 |issn=0023-656X}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Conlin |first=Joseph R. |title=At the Point of Production: The Local History of the IWW |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=1981 |page=203 |author-link=Joseph R. Conlin}}</ref> During it however the [[Columbine Mine massacre]] resulted in six dead strikers following a confrontation with [[Colorado Rangers]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Schreck |first=Christopher |title=The Strike of 1927 |newspaper=Colorado Fuel and Iron: Culture and Industry in Southern Colorado |url=http://scalar.usc.edu/works/the-colorado-fuel-and-iron-company/the-strike-of-1927 |access-date=November 6, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=P. Marsh |first=Douglas |date=August 5, 2022 |title=Colorado and the IWW, Part III |url=https://industrialworker.org/colorado-and-the-iww-part-iii/}}</ref> In a separate incident in [[Trinidad, Colorado|Trinidad]] the mayor was accused of deputizing members of the KKK against the striking workers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bayard |first=Charles J. |date=1963 |title=The 1927-1928 Colorado Coal Strike |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4492179 |journal=Pacific Historical Review |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=235–250 |doi=10.2307/4492179 |jstor=4492179 |issn=0030-8684}}</ref> More than 5,000 Colorado miners—many immigrants—are estimated to have died in accidents since records were first formally collected following an 1884 accident in [[Crested Butte, Colorado|Crested Butte]] that killed 59.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://digital.denverlibrary.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16079coll16/id/1931 |title=Pre-1963 Colorado mining fatalities |author=Gerald Emerson Sherard |date=2006 |page=1 |access-date=November 12, 2019 |archive-date=August 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807040838/https://digital.denverlibrary.org/digital/collection/p16079coll16/id/1931 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 1924, the [[Ku Klux Klan]] Colorado Realm achieved dominance in Colorado politics. With peak membership levels, the [[Ku Klux Klan#Second Klan|Second Klan]] levied significant control over both the local and state [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] and [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican parties]], particularly in the governor's office and city governments of Denver, [[Canon City, Colorado|Cañon City]], and [[Durango, Colorado|Durango]]. A particularly strong element of the Klan controlled the [[Denver Police Department|Denver Police]].<ref name=KKK>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/ku-klux-klan-colorado|title=Ku Klux Klan in Colorado|encyclopedia=Colorado Encyclopedia|last=Louvaris|first=Elenie|date=August 20, 2019|access-date=April 12, 2021}}</ref> [[Cross burning]]s became semi-regular occurrences in cities such as [[Florence, Colorado|Florence]] and Pueblo. The Klan targeted African-Americans, [[Catholic Church|Catholics]], Eastern European immigrants, and other non-White [[Protestant]] groups.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.canoncitydailyrecord.com/2014/04/10/ku-klux-klan-once-a-fremont-county-political-powerhouse/|title=Ku Klux Klan once a Fremont County political powerhouse|work=Cañon City Daily Record|location=[[Canon City, Colorado|Cañon City, CO]]|date=April 15, 2019|last=Canterbury|first=Carie|access-date=April 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215041415/https://www.canoncitydailyrecord.com/2014/04/10/ku-klux-klan-once-a-fremont-county-political-powerhouse/|archive-date=December 15, 2020}}</ref> Efforts by non-Klan lawmen and lawyers including [[Philip S. Van Cise|Philip Van Cise]] led to a rapid decline in the organization's power, with membership waning significantly by the end of the 1920s.<ref name=KKK/>

[[File:Three 10th Mountain Division Skitroopers above Camp Hale, 1944.png|thumb|Three [[10th Mountain Division]] skitroopers above [[Camp Hale]] in February 1944]]

Colorado became the first western state to host a major political convention when the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] met in Denver in 1908. By the [[United States Census, 1930|U.S. census in 1930]], the population of Colorado first exceeded one million residents. Colorado suffered greatly through the [[Great Depression]] and the [[Dust Bowl]] of the 1930s, but a major wave of immigration following [[World War II]] boosted Colorado's fortune. Tourism became a mainstay of the state economy, and high technology became an important economic engine. The [[United States Census Bureau]] estimated that the population of Colorado exceeded five million in 2009.

On September 11, 1957, a plutonium fire occurred at the [[Rocky Flats Plant]], which resulted in the significant [[Radioactive contamination from the Rocky Flats Plant|plutonium contamination]] of surrounding populated areas.<ref>{{cite web|last=Iversen |first=Kristen |url=https://www.npr.org/2012/06/12/154839592/under-the-nuclear-shadow-of-colorados-rocky-flats |title=Under The 'Nuclear Shadow' Of Colorado's Rocky Flats |publisher=NPR |date=June 12, 2012 }}</ref>

[[File:Skiers on Aspen Mountain, Colorado in 1961.jpg|thumb|Skiers on [[Aspen Mountain (ski area)|Aspen Mountain]] in 1961]]
From the 1940s and 1970s, many protest movements gained momentum in Colorado, predominantly in Denver. This included the [[Chicano Movement]], a [[Civil rights movements|civil rights]], and social movement of [[Mexican Americans]] emphasizing a [[Chicano]] identity that is widely considered to have begun in Denver.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/06/30/137529484/the-chicano-movements-denver-roots-run-deep|title=The Chicano Movement's Denver Roots Run Deep|publisher=[[National Public Radio]]|work=Talk of the Nation|date=June 30, 2011|access-date=March 25, 2021}}</ref> The National [[Chicano Youth Liberation Conference]] was held in Colorado in March 1969.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kcet.org/history-society/defining-chicanismo-since-the-1969-denver-youth-conference|title=Defining 'Chicanismo' Since the 1969 Denver Youth Conference|first=Kelly|last=Simpson|date=23 March 2012|access-date=15 October 2022|publisher=KCET}}</ref>

In 1967, Colorado was the first state to loosen restrictions on [[Abortion in Colorado|abortion]] when governor [[John Arthur Love|John Love]] signed a law allowing abortions in cases of rape, incest, or threats to the woman's mental or physical health. Many states followed Colorado's lead in loosening abortion laws in the 1960s and 1970s.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=It's Been 50 Years Since Colorado Passed This Groundbreaking Abortion Law |url=https://time.com/4753918/colorado-abortion-law-50-year-anniversary/ |magazine=Time |date=April 25, 2017 |access-date=February 9, 2021}}</ref>

Since the late 1990s, Colorado has been the site of [[List of shootings in Colorado|multiple major]] [[mass shooting]]s, including the infamous [[Columbine High School massacre]] in 1999 which made international news, where [[Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold|two gunmen]] killed 12 students and one teacher, before committing suicide. The incident has spawned many [[Columbine effect|copycat incidents]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Follman |first1=Mark |last2=Andrews |first2=Becca |title=Here's the terrifying new data on how Columbine spawned dozens of copycats |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/10/columbine-effect-mass-shootings-copycat-data/ |website=Mother Jones |access-date=February 9, 2021}}</ref> On July 20, 2012, a [[2012 Aurora, Colorado shooting|gunman killed 12 people]] in a movie theater in [[Aurora, Colorado|Aurora]]. The state responded with tighter restrictions on firearms, including [[High-capacity magazine ban|introducing a limit]] on [[magazine (firearms)|magazine]] capacity.<ref>{{cite web |title=How Colorado's gun laws have changed since the Aurora shooting |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jul/25/colorado-gun-control-laws-aurora-shooting |website=The Guardian |date=July 25, 2015 |access-date=February 9, 2021}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, a [[2021 Boulder shooting|gunman killed 10 people]], including a police officer, in a [[King Soopers]] supermarket in [[Boulder, Colorado|Boulder]].<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Hern|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Ehern|first2=Ez {{!}}|date=March 22, 2021|title=Boulder shooting: Gunman kills 10, including police officer, at King Soopers|url=https://www.denverpost.com/2021/03/22/police-active-shooter-shooting-king-soopers-boulder/|access-date=March 23, 2021|website=The Denver Post}}</ref> In an instance of [[Violence against LGBT people|anti-LGBT violence]], a [[Colorado Springs nightclub shooting|gunman killed 5 people]] at a nightclub in [[Colorado Springs, Colorado|Colorado Springs]] during the night of November 19–20, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vera |first=Eric Levenson, Michelle Watson, Andy Rose, Amir |date=2022-11-20 |title=Gunman kills 5 at LGBTQ nightclub in Colorado Springs before patrons confront and stop him, police say |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/20/us/colorado-springs-shooting-gay-nightclub/index.html |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

Four warships of the [[U.S. Navy]] have been named the [[USS Colorado|USS ''Colorado'']]. The first USS ''Colorado'' was named for the Colorado River and served in the Civil War and later the [[Asiatic Squadron]], where it was attacked during the 1871 [[United States expedition to Korea|Korean Expedition]]. The later three ships were named in honor of the state, including [[USS Colorado (ACR-7)|an armored cruiser]] and the [[USS Colorado (BB-45)|battleship USS ''Colorado'']], the latter of which was the lead ship of [[Colorado-class battleship|her class]] and served in [[War in the Pacific|World War II in the Pacific]] beginning in 1941. At the time of the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], the battleship USS ''Colorado'' was located at the naval base in San Diego, California, and thus went unscathed. The most recent vessel to bear the name USS ''Colorado'' is [[Virginia-class submarine]] [[USS Colorado (SSN-788)|USS ''Colorado'' (SSN-788)]], which was commissioned in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dvidshub.net/news/371051/uss-colorado-continues-tradition-submarine-battle-flag|title=USS Colorado Continues the Tradition of the Submarine Battle Flag|work=Defense Visual Information Distribution Service|date=May 29, 2020|last=Coffield|first=Alfred|location=[[Groton, Connecticut|Groton]], [[Connecticut|CT]]|access-date=May 10, 2021}}</ref>