Editing Coitus interruptus (section)

== Disadvantages ==
Compared to the other common reversible methods of contraception such as [[IUDs]], hormonal contraceptives, and male condoms, ''coitus interruptus'' is less effective at preventing pregnancy.<ref name="cont tech 18" />  As a result, it is also less cost-effective than many more effective methods: although the method itself has no direct cost, users have a greater chance of incurring the risks and expenses of either child-birth or abortion.  Only models that assume all couples practice perfect use of the method find cost savings associated with the choice of withdrawal as a birth control method.<ref name=Trusell95>{{cite journal | vauthors = Trussell J, Leveque JA, Koenig JD, London R, Borden S, Henneberry J, LaGuardia KD, Stewart F, Wilson TG, Wysocki S | display-authors = 6 | title = The economic value of contraception: a comparison of 15 methods | journal = American Journal of Public Health | volume = 85 | issue = 4 | pages = 494–503 | date = April 1995 | pmid = 7702112 | pmc = 1615115 | doi = 10.2105/AJPH.85.4.494 }}</ref>

The method is largely ineffective in the prevention of [[Sexually transmitted disease|sexually transmitted infections]] (STIs), like [[HIV]], since pre-ejaculate may carry viral particles or bacteria which may infect the partner if this fluid comes in contact with mucous membranes.  However, a reduction in the volume of bodily fluids exchanged during intercourse may reduce the likelihood of disease transmission compared to using no method due to the smaller number of pathogens present.<ref name="HIV study" />