Editing Coffee in Italy (section)

=== Coffee maker ===
The instrument used to prepare caffè at home, the ''caffettiera'', is essentially a small steam machine made of a bottom boiler, a central filter which contains the coffee grounds, and an upper cup. In the traditional [[Moka pot]], water is put in the boiler and the resulting boiling water passes through the coffee grounds, then reaches the cup.<ref>{{cite news|date=26 January 2021 |title=Why We Love the Bialetti Moka Pot |url=https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/reviews/bialetti-moka-pot-review/ |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> It was invented by Italian engineer [[Luigi Di Ponti]] in 1933 who sold the patent to [[Alfonso Bialetti]], an aluminum vendor. It quickly became one of the staples of Italian culture. [[Bialetti|Bialetti Industries]] continues to produce the original model under the trade name "Moka Express".
<ref>{{Cite web|title = Bialetti Technical Description|url = https://fmartinezport.commons.gc.cuny.edu/bialetti-technical-description/|website = fmartinezport.commons.gc.cuny.edu|access-date = 12 October 2023}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|title = Who Made That Moka Express|url = https://archive.nytimes.com/6thfloor.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/01/who-made-that-moka-express/|website = [[The New York Times]] blogs| date=September 2011 |access-date = 12 October 2023}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite news|title = Italy's coffee pot king was buried in the appliance that made him famous|url = https://qz.com/618734/italys-coffee-pot-king-was-buried-in-the-appliance-that-made-him-famous|website = qz.com|access-date = 12 October 2023}}</ref> The [[Neapolitan flip coffee pot|Neapolitan caffettiera]] operates somewhat differently, and needs to be turned upside down when the drink is ready. Its boiler and cup are therefore interchangeable.

The quantity of coffee to be put in the filter determines the richness of the final beverage, but special care is needed in order not to block the water from crossing it, in case of an excess of grounds. Some hints prescribe that some small vertical holes are left in the powder by using a fork.

A small flame has to be used to provide an appropriate moderate water pressure; a high pressure makes the water run too quickly, resulting in coffee with little flavour. The flame under the caffettiera has to be turned off ten seconds after the first characteristic noise is heard, and eventually lit again in case the cup was not filled.