Editing Chongqing (section)

===Provisional wartime capital of the Republic of China===
{{Main|Bombing of Chongqing}}
[[File:China from the Eyes of the Flying Tigers 1944-1945 57.jpg|thumb|left|A street scene in Chongqing, {{Circa|1944}}]]
During and after the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]], from November 1937 to May 1946, it was Generalissimo [[Chiang Kai-shek]]'s provisional capital. After the General and remaining army had lived there for a time following their retreat in 1938 from the previous capital of [[Wuhan]], it was formally declared the second capital city ({{lang-zh|c=陪都|p=péidū|w=p'ei2-tu1|labels=no}}) on 6 September 1940.<ref name="Revisiting Chongqing: China's Secon">{{cite journal |last1=Danielson |first1=Eric N. |title=Revisiting Chongqing: China's Second World War Temporary National Capital |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch |date=2005 |volume=45 |page=175 |jstor=23889883 }}</ref> After Britain, the United States, and other Allies entered the war in Asia in December 1941, one of the Allies' deputy commanders of operations in Southeast Asia (Southeast Asia Command SEAC), [[Joseph Stilwell]], was based in the city.

The city was also visited by Lord [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten]], the Supreme Commander of SEAC which was itself headquartered in Sri Lanka. Chiang Kai Shek as Supreme Commander in China worked closely with Stilwell.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/stilwell-in-china-the-worst-command-in-the-war/ |title=Stilwell in China: The Worst Command in the War |access-date=19 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821195614/http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/stilwell-in-china-the-worst-command-in-the-war/ |archive-date=21 August 2016  }} Chiang Kai-shek & Stilwell, Joseph</ref> From 1938 to 1943, the city suffered from continuous [[Bombing of Chongqing|massive bombing]] campaigns of the [[Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service|Imperial Japanese Navy]] and [[Imperial Japanese Army Air Service|Army Air Force]]s; battles of which were fought entirely by the [[Republic of China Air Force|Chinese Air Force]] squadrons and anti-aircraft artillery units.<ref>{{Cite web|title=揭秘重庆空战：抗战期间出动飞机2159次 - 中国军网|url=http://www.chinamil.com.cn/jsdj/2016-04/11/content_7000656.htm|access-date=2020-11-15|website=www.chinamil.com.cn|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116193000/http://www.chinamil.com.cn/jsdj/2016-04/11/content_7000656.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gustavsson|first=Hakans|title=Håkans Aviation page – Sino-Japanese Air War 1939|url=http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/sino-japanese-1939.htm|access-date=2020-11-15|website=Biplane Fighter Aces - CHINA|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232019/http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/sino-japanese-1939.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Many lives were saved by the air-raid shelters which took advantage of the mountainous terrain. Chongqing was acclaimed to be the "City of Heroes" due to the indomitable spirits of its people as well as their contributions and sacrifices during the war. Many factories and universities were relocated from eastern China and ultimately to Chongqing during years of setbacks in the war, transforming this city from inland port to a heavily industrialized city.