Editing Chlorpromazine (section)

==Adverse effects==
{{See also|List of adverse effects of chlorpromazine}}

There appears to be a dose-dependent risk for seizures with chlorpromazine treatment.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pisani F, Oteri G, Costa C, Di Raimondo G, Di Perri R | title = Effects of psychotropic drugs on seizure threshold | journal = Drug Safety | volume = 25 | issue = 2 | pages = 91–110 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11888352 | doi = 10.2165/00002018-200225020-00004 | s2cid = 25290793 }}</ref> [[Tardive dyskinesia]] (involuntary, repetitive body movements) and [[akathisia]] (a feeling of inner restlessness and inability to stay still) are less commonly seen with chlorpromazine than they are with high potency typical antipsychotics such as [[haloperidol]]<ref name="Leucht">{{cite journal | vauthors = Leucht C, Kitzmantel M, Chua L, Kane J, Leucht S | title = Haloperidol versus chlorpromazine for schizophrenia | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 1 | pages = CD004278 | date = January 2008 | volume = 2013 | pmid = 18254045 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD004278.pub2 | veditors = Leucht C | pmc = 11528413 }}</ref> or [[trifluoperazine]], and some evidence suggests that, with conservative dosing, the incidence of such effects for chlorpromazine may be comparable to that of newer agents such as [[risperidone]] or [[olanzapine]].<ref name="fn_36">{{cite journal | vauthors = Leucht S, Wahlbeck K, Hamann J, Kissling W | title = New generation antipsychotics versus low-potency conventional antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Lancet | volume = 361 | issue = 9369 | pages = 1581–1589 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12747876 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13306-5 | s2cid = 40851775 }}</ref>

Chlorpromazine stably and for life alters natural processes in the biological systems of the mitochondria of the nervous system,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/bioenergetics00szen|title=Bioenergetics by Szent-Györgyi, Albert. 1893-1986|date=1957 |publisher=New York, Academic Press }}</ref> and inhibits the efficiency of the electron transport chain.<ref>A number of doctors and scientists, including psychiatrist and Narcological doctor [[Alexander Danilin]] and biochemist [[Albert Szent-Györgyi]], claim that Chlorpromazine stably and for life alters natural processes in the biological systems of the mitochondria of the nervous system, and inhibits the efficiency of the electron transport chain.{{Cite web|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=rhe41OvUnCk|title=Danilin A.G.: Beware of psychiatry: myths, neuroleptics and children|website=youtube.com|date=13 April 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Psychiatric drugs impact mitochondrial function in brain and other tissues|date=2019 |pmc=7228833 |journal=Schizophrenia Research |volume=217 |pages=136–147 |doi=10.1016/j.schres.2019.09.007 |pmid=31744750 | vauthors = Chan S, McCarthy M, Vawter MP }}</ref>

Chlorpromazine may deposit in ocular tissues when taken in high dosages for long periods of time.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Comparison of chlorpromazine to placebo<ref name=Adams/>
|-
! Measured outcome !! Findings summary!! Findings range!! Quality of evidence
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align:left;"| Adverse effects
|-
| Weight gain || 5 times more likely to have considerable weight gain, around 40% with chlorpromazine gaining weight || RR 4.9 CI 2.3 to 10.4 || rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" | Very low <small>(estimate of effect uncertain)</small>
|-
| Sedation || 3 times more likely to cause sedation, around 30% with chlorpromazine || RR 2.8 CI 2.3 to 3.5
|-
| Acute movement disorder || 3.5 times more likely to cause easily reversible but unpleasant severe stiffening of muscles, around 6% with chlorpromazine || RR 3.5 CI 1.5 to 8.0
|-
| Parkinsonism || 2 times more likely to cause parkinsonism (symptoms such as tremor, hesitancy of movement, decreased facial expression), around 17% with chlorpromazine || RR 2.1 CI 1.6 to 2.8
|-
| Decreased blood pressure with dizziness ||  3 times more likely to cause decreased blood pressure and dizziness, around 15% with chlorpromazine || RR 2.4 CI 1.7 to 3.3
|}

===Discontinuation===
The [[British National Formulary]] recommends a gradual withdrawal when discontinuing antipsychotics to avoid acute withdrawal syndrome or rapid relapse.<ref name="Group 2009 192">{{cite book |editor1-first=BMJ | editor =  Joint Formulary Committee  | title = British National Formulary | edition = 57 | date = March 2009 |publisher=Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain |location=United Kingdom |isbn=978-0-85369-845-6 |page=192 |chapter=4.2.1 |quote=Withdrawal of antipsychotic drugs after long-term therapy should always be gradual and closely monitored to avoid the risk of acute withdrawal syndromes or rapid relapse.}}</ref> Symptoms of withdrawal commonly include nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite.<ref name=Had2004>{{cite book | vauthors = Haddad PM, Dursun S, Deakin B |title=Adverse Syndromes and Psychiatric Drugs: A Clinical Guide |date=2004 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=9780198527480 |pages=207–16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CWR7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA207 |language=en}}</ref> Other symptoms may include restlessness, increased sweating, and trouble sleeping.<ref name=Had2004/> Less commonly, there may be a feeling of the world spinning, numbness, or muscle pains.<ref name=Had2004/> Symptoms generally resolve after a short period of time.<ref name=Had2004/>

There is tentative evidence that discontinuation of antipsychotics can result in psychosis.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Moncrieff J | title = Does antipsychotic withdrawal provoke psychosis? Review of the literature on rapid onset psychosis (supersensitivity psychosis) and withdrawal-related relapse | journal = Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica | volume = 114 | issue = 1 | pages = 3–13 | date = July 2006 | pmid = 16774655 | doi = 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00787.x | s2cid = 6267180 }}</ref> It may also result in reoccurrence of the condition that is being treated.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Sacchetti E, Vita A, Siracusano A, Fleischhacker W |title=Adherence to Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia |date=2013 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9788847026797 |page=85 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=odE-AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA85 |language=en}}</ref> Rarely, tardive dyskinesia can occur when the medication is stopped.<ref name=Had2004/>