Editing Chiptune (section)

=== Mid-1970s–1980s: Video game origins ===
Chiptune music began to appear with the [[video game music]] produced during the [[golden age of video arcade games]]. An early example was the opening tune in [[Tomohiro Nishikado]]'s [[arcade game]] ''[[Gun Fight]]'' (1975). The first video game to use a continuous background soundtrack was Tomohiro Nishikado's 1978 release ''[[Space Invaders]]'', which had four simple [[Diatonic and chromatic|chromatic]] descending [[bass note]]s repeating in [[music loop|a loop]], though it was dynamic and interacted with the player, increasing pace as the enemies descended on the player.<ref>
<!--this is collins_2 not to be confused with pages 12 or 19 earlier or 10&11 later-->
{{citation|title=From Pac-Man to pop music: interactive audio in games and new media
|first=Karen|last=Collins|publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]]|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7546-6200-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lFEYAQAAIAAJ|page=2}}</ref>
The first video game to feature continuous melodic [[background music]] was ''[[Rally-X]]'', an arcade game released by [[Namco]] in 1980, featuring a simple tune that repeats continuously during [[gameplay]].<ref name="gradar2">{{cite web
|title=Gaming's most important evolutions
|url=https://gamesradar.com/gamings-most-important-evolutions
|date=October 9, 2010
|website=gamesradar
|access-date=June 22, 2020
|archive-date=June 23, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623051757/https://www.gamesradar.com/gamings-most-important-evolutions/
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
It was also one of the earliest games to use a [[digital-to-analog converter]] to produce [[Sampling (signal processing)|sampled]] sounds.<ref name="collins_12">
<!--this is collins_12 not to be confused with pages 19 or 2 or 10&11 later-->
{{cite book
|title=Game sound: an introduction to the history, theory, and practice of video game music and sound design
|last=Collins
|first=Karen
|year=2008
|publisher=[[MIT Press]]
|isbn=978-0-262-03378-7
|page=12
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gnw0Zb4St-wC&pg=PA12
|access-date=June 12, 2011
}}
</ref>
That same year, the first video game to feature [[speech synthesis]] was also released, [[Sunsoft]]'s [[shoot 'em up]] arcade game ''[[Stratovox]]''.<ref name="gradar2"/>

In the late 1970s, the pioneering [[synth-pop]]/[[electronic dance music]] group [[Yellow Magic Orchestra]] (YMO) were using computers to produce synthesized music.<ref name="Sarasota">{{cite journal
|title=Computer rock music gaining fans
|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7s4mAAAAIBAJ&pg=4481,2128223
|journal=[[Sarasota Journal]]
|date=August 18, 1980
|access-date=2011-05-25
|page=8
|archive-date=April 9, 2022
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409150919/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7s4mAAAAIBAJ&pg=4481,2128223
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
Some of their early music, including their 1978 self-titled [[Yellow Magic Orchestra (album)|debut album]], were [[Sampling (music)|sampling]] sounds from popular arcade games such as ''Space Invaders''<ref name="wire_1996">{{citation
|title=A-Z of Electro
|work=[[The Wire (magazine)|The Wire]]
|issue=145
|date=March 1996
|author=David Toop
|url=https://thewire.co.uk/in-writing/essays/a-z-of-electro#V
|access-date=2020-06-21
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328142136/http://thewire.co.uk/in-writing/essays/a-z-of-electro#V
|archive-date=March 28, 2019
|url-status=live
}}
<!--
|url=https://thewire.co.uk/articles/210
|accessdate=2011-05-29
--></ref> and ''Gun Fight''. In addition to incorporating sounds from contemporary video games into their music, the band would later have a major influence on much of the video game and chiptune music produced during the [[History of video game consoles (third generation)|8-bit]] and [[History of video game consoles (fourth generation)|16-bit eras]].<ref>{{cite web
|title=YMCK takes 'chiptune' revolution major
|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fm20080229a1.html
|url-status=dead
|date=February 29, 2008
|author=Daniel Robson
|work=[[The Japan Times]]
|access-date=2011-06-11
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120629195429/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/fm20080229a1.html%23.T-4H2qgo_KA
|archive-date=June 29, 2012
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|title=Game Music Roots: Yellow Magic Orchestra
|url=http://1up.com/features/game-music-roots-yellow-magic
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019235737/http://www.1up.com/features/game-music-roots-yellow-magic
|archive-date=October 19, 2012
|last=Smith
|first=David F.
|website=[[1UP.com]]
|access-date=August 6, 2012
|date=June 2012
}}
</ref> [[Sega]]'s 1982 arcade game ''[[Super Locomotive]]'' for example featured a chiptune [[cover version]] of YMO's "[[Solid State Survivor|Rydeen]]" (1979);<ref>{{KLOV game|9910|Super Locomotive}}</ref> several later [[PC game|computer games]] also covered the song, such as  ''Trooper Truck'' (1983) by [[Rabbit Software]] as well as ''[[Daley Thompson's Decathlon]]'' (1984) and ''[[Stryker's Run]]'' (1986) arranged by [[Martin Galway]].

By 1983, [[Konami]]'s arcade game ''[[Gyruss]]'' utilized five sound chips along with a digital-to-analog converter, which were partly used to create an electronic rendition of [[Johann Sebastian Bach|J. S. Bach's]] ''[[Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565|Toccata and Fugue in D minor]]''.<ref><!--this is collins_19 not to be confused with page 12 earlier or 2 and 10&11 later-->
{{cite book
|title=Game sound: an introduction to the history, theory, and practice of video game music and sound design
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gnw0Zb4St-wC&pg=PA19
|last=Collins
|first=Karen
|year=2008
|publisher=[[MIT Press]]
|isbn=978-0-262-03378-7
|page=19
|access-date=June 12, 2011
|archive-date=April 5, 2023
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405233530/https://books.google.com/books?id=gnw0Zb4St-wC&pg=PA19
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
In 1984, former YMO member [[Haruomi Hosono]] released an album produced entirely from Namco arcade game samples entitled ''Video Game Music'', an early example of a chiptune record<ref name="discogs_hosono">{{Discogs master|190001|Haruomi Hosono – Video Game Music|type=album}}</ref>
and the first video game music album.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Xevious
|url=http://hardcoregaming101.net/xevious/xevious2.htm
|url-status=dead
|access-date=2011-06-11
|publisher=Hardcore Gaming 101
|page=2
|author=Carlo Savorelli
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322111516/http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/xevious/xevious2.htm
|archive-date=March 22, 2018
}}</ref>
The record featured the work of Namco's chiptune composers: Toshio Kai (''[[Pac-Man]]'' in 1980), Nobuyuki Ohnogi (''[[Galaga]]'', ''[[New Rally-X]]'' and ''[[Bosconian]]'' in 1981, and ''[[Pole Position (video game)|Pole Position]]'' in 1982), and Yuriko Keino (''[[Dig Dug]]'' and ''[[Xevious]]'' in 1982).<ref name="vgmdb_namco">{{cite web
|title=Video Game Music
|url=http://vgmdb.net/album/489
|work=VGMdb
|access-date=September 6, 2011
|archive-date=October 3, 2011
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003112509/http://vgmdb.net/album/489
|url-status=live
}}</ref>