Editing Chenoa, Illinois (section)

==History==

[[Image:Chenoa Il downtown1.JPG|thumb|right|Downtown Chenoa, Illinois in mid-March 2007. The Historic Mural seen here has since been painted over after the new library was built.]]

'''Founding of Chenoa'''

The Town of Chenoa was laid out on May 13, 1856, by Matthew T. Scott. At this time the [[Chicago and Alton Railroad]], had been running trains for almost two years, but the survey for the east-west Toledo, Peoria and Oquawka (soon to be the [[Toledo, Peoria and Western]]) had not reached [[McLean County, Illinois|McLean County]]. Scott anticipated the place where the railroads would cross and platted the town which he called Chenoa. Matthew T. Scott (February 24, 1828 - May 21, 1891) was the son of a [[Kentucky]] banker and by the time he reached [[Illinois]], was an experienced land developer who led a group of well financed investors. The European settlement history of Chenoa began in 1854 when [[Matthew T. Scott]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.genealogytrails.com/ill/mclean/scott.matthew.html |title=McLean County Biographies |access-date=January 23, 2008 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924021401/http://www.genealogytrails.com/ill/mclean/scott.matthew.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> began buying thousands of acres of land in this area.<ref>''History of McLean County, Illinois'' (Chicago: Le Baron, 1879) p. 498.</ref>

'''The Name Chenoa'''

There has been much discussion about the meaning of the name Chenoa. Mid-nineteenth century histories explain that it was an Indian word for "Kentucky" and could therefore be rendered as "Dark and Bloody Ground." Callary makes it clear that this is incorrect and that this meaning is unknown in Kentucky.<ref>Callary, Edward, ''The Place Names of Illinois'' (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2009)p.67.</ref> Others explain that Chenoa is a [[Cherokee]] word meaning "Dove" or "White Dove." Again this is not the case. Dove in [[Cherokee]] is "''waya''" and white dove "''unega waya''."<ref>{{cite web|title="American Indian" Names That Don't Have The Meaning They're Supposed To|url=http://www.native-languages.org/wrongnames.htm| access-date=January 12, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023233625/http://www.native-languages.org/wrongnames.htm |archive-date=October 23, 2016}}</ref> There is also the often-repeated story that Scott had originally wanted the name to read "Chenowa" but the railroad had mistakenly dropped the letter "w."<ref>Henry E. Coonley, ''Reminiscences of Chenoa and its Inhabitants Prior to 1887'' (Chicago 1933) pp. 304 and several other sources.</ref> This again is not true. The railroad had no say in the naming of Chenoa; the spelling "Chenoa" is exactly how Scott recorded the name when he first laid out the town. However,"Chenoka" or "Chenoa" is one of many Native American names for the [[Kentucky River]] and this may explain how Scott got the idea that the word could be translated as Kentucky.<ref>Verhoeff, Mary, ''The Kentucky River Navigation'' (Filson Club Publications Number 29; Louisville: John P. Morton, 1917) p. 1, footnote.</ref>

'''Design of Chenoa'''

The plan of Chenoa is complex because it is the blending of two rival townsites. Scott's original town, which lies west of the railroad, was built around a central park, is much more like the plan like central Illinois towns of the 1830s than that of other towns laid out in the 1850s.<ref>''McLean County Combined Atlases, 1853- - 1914'' (Bloomington: McLean County Historical Society and McLean County Genealogical Society, 2006) p. 110.</ref>  However, Scott only owned Section 2, while his rival, and former business companion, William Marshall had purchased Section 1. Marshall's land included most of the land east of the railroad; on this land, he laid out a competing town, East Chenoa. Scott did control a small strip between the two towns which he refused to plat out into streets and lots, so anyone who tried to pass the short distance from one town to the other would be guilty of trespass. Scott would call this strip his "imaginary wall," although it was never a physical barrier. The dual nature of the platting also explains why Chenoa had two distinct streets named Lincoln.<ref>''Chenoa'' (Chenoa Centennial Committee, 1859) p.9.</ref> Both Scott's and Marshall's towns were orthogonal grids with north–south and east–west streets, but plan became still more complex when a later addition by Scott included Veto Street, which ran parallel to the railroad and at an odd angle to the earlier streets.

'''Selling Chenoa'''

The first advertisement for the town of Chenoa appeared under the bold heading, GREAT SALE OF LOTS IN THE TOWN OF CHENOA, May 15, 1856. The advertisement makes clear the advantages Scott had in mind when he selected the location of the town. It was, he wrote, "The only crossing of railroads likely to be made within McLean County within four or five years, and persons can easily ascertain that the connection of the two roads will be effected by the first of November or December." He went on to explain that, while there was no large body of timber nearby, coal will be furnished at twelve cents a bushel and cheep lumber, poplar, walnut, and oak will also be brought in by the railroad. This was a particular advantage because "... persons will come from eight or ten miles for these articles, bringing along their grain, making loads with both ways - carrying back coal, sometimes for themselves, again for their neighbors." If anyone would build a house worth $400 to $500 within six months of buying a lot, they could have two years of credit on the sale price interest free. Scott was willing to take a quarter interest in a steam saw mill and would donate sites for churches, schools and burial grounds. Moreover, anyone who sold liquor in the town would forfeit the title to their property.<ref>''Pantagraph'' (Bloomington, Illinois) April 30, 1856, p.4.</ref>

'''Development of Chenoa'''

The great problem with the development of Chenoa was that, before the town was laid out, there had been no settlement in the surrounding country. The land around Chenoa was prairie wilderness.  The Indians who had hunted and lived in Illinois country for many years had been moved by the U. S. Government to regions west of the [[Mississippi River]] by the time Chenoa was founded.  Soon the tough prairie sod was broken by the plow which made acres and acres of land available for farming. Scott aided the development of nearby land by plowing and cultivating {{convert|16000|acre|km2}}, building two hundred houses, and planting twenty-seven miles of hedge fences.<ref>''Chenoa'', 1959, p. 10.</ref> The first structures within the limits of the new town were two little half-sod and half-board dugouts which served as depot, freight house, and shelter for railroad section hands; this is one of the very few mentions of sod houses in McLean County.<ref name="Chenoa, 1959, p.13">''Chenoa'', 1959, p.13.</ref>  J. B. Lenney came from [[Pennsylvania]] to the new town of Chenoa and in 1855 put up the frame building here which was called "The Farmer's Store." J. B. Lenney took an active part in the development of the town and is referred to as the "Father of Chenoa."<ref name="Chenoa, 1959, p.13"/> In 1856 the National Hotel was constructed. All of these buildings were on the east side of the tracks.<ref>''Chenoa,'' 1957, pp. 13-14.</ref> In 1864 Chenoa, East Chenoa, and several additions were united under one town government which was confirmed by a special act of the [[Illinois General Assembly]] in 1869.<ref>''Chenoa'' 1859 p.15.</ref>

'''Development continues'''

Slowly, additional improvements were made. Rectangular blocks of stone were placed at road intersections. Changes in livestock laws made it possible for residents to tear down the wooden fences that had once surrounded every residence. Many trees were planted. The Chicago and Alton was double tracked in 1890.  In 1891 the first electric lights were installed. A union station was built so both railroads could share passenger facilities; unfortunately it burned down during Armistice celebrations on November 11, 1918.<ref>''Chenoa'', 1959, p. 18-21.</ref>  This was not the towns only serious July 1894 the entire business district town east of the Railroad burned down; very few of the buildings were insured.<ref>''New York Times'', July 25, 1894, p.4.</ref> Railroad traffic peaked in 1911, when twenty-four trains arrived.<ref>''Chenoa'' 1959, p. 22.</ref> After that automobile and truck traffic slowly replaced trains and Chenoa became a stop of the fabled [[U.S. Route 66|Route 66]]. Two currently active businesses here are notable due to their longevity: Schuirman's Drug Store (now Chenoa Pharmacy) and Union Roofing. Several small manufacturers operate here and a number of antique dealers are Chenoa-based. Chenoa was once home to two competing grain elevators. The last one was demolished in late December 2020.  Chenoa is now the headquarters of the [[Bright Stalk Wind Farm]].<ref name="EDP Renewables">{{cite web |url=https://www.edpr.com/north-america/bright-stalk-wind-farm |title=Bright Stalk |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=edpr.com |publisher=EDP Renewables |access-date=September 23, 2022 |quote=}}</ref>