Editing Charlie Christian (section)

=== Bebop and Minton's Playhouse ===
Christian was an important contributor to the music that became known as bop, or [[bebop]]. Some of the participants in early after-hours affairs at [[Minton's Playhouse]], an after-hours club located in the Hotel Cecil at 210 West 118th Street in [[Harlem]] where bebop was born, credit Christian with the name ''bebop'', citing his humming of phrases as the onomatopoetic origin of the term.<ref>Feather, Leonard (1960). ''The New Edition of the Encyclopedia of Jazz''. Horizon Press: New York.<!-- ISSN/ISBN, page(s) needed --></ref>

Examples of Christian's bebop playing can be heard in a series of recordings made at Minton's Playhouse by Jerry Newman, a student at [[Columbia University]], on a portable disk recorder in 1941, in which Christian was accompanied by [[Joe Guy (musician)|Joe Guy]] on trumpet, [[Ken Kersey|Kenny Kersey]] on piano and [[Kenny Clarke]] on drums.<ref name="home.roadrunner.com">{{cite web |title=Leo Valdes |url=http://home.roadrunner.com/~valdes/discgrph.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315054805/http://home.roadrunner.com/~valdes/discgrph.htm |archive-date=2012-03-15 |access-date=2012-03-02 |publisher=Home.roadrunner.com}}</ref> Christian's use of [[tension (music)|tension and release]], a technique employed by [[Lester Young]], [[Count Basie]] and later bop musicians,<ref name="blogs.myspace.com">{{cite web |author=Centlivre, Kevin |date=2009-04-16 |title="Revisiting Charlie Christian" |url=http://blogs.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=blog.view&friendId=428001184&blogId=483515554 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808155642/http://blogs.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=blog.view&friendId=428001184&blogId=483515554 |archive-date=2010-08-08 |access-date=2012-03-02 |publisher=Blogs.myspace.com}}</ref> is also present on Newman's recording of "[[Stompin' at the Savoy]]."<ref name="home.roadrunner.com" /> Further recordings were made in 1941, shortly before Christian's illness and death, at [[Clark Monroe's Uptown House]], another late-night jazz haunt in Harlem, with [[Oran Page|Oran "Hot Lips" Page]]. Other recordings include the tenor sax player [[Don Byas]]. Beboppers [["Dizzy" Gillespie]] and [[Thelonious Monk]] were regulars at the jam sessions, with Monk a regular in the Minton's house band.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charlie Christian - After Hours Album Reviews, Songs & More {{!}} AllMusic |website=[[AllMusic]] |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/after-hours-mw0000609154 |access-date=2023-03-17 |language=en}}</ref>

Kenny Clarke claimed that "[[Epistrophy (composition)|Epistrophy]]" and "[[Rhythm-a-Ning]]" were compositions by Christian, which Christian played with Clarke and Thelonious Monk at Minton's jam sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Colin |title=Coda: Charlie Christian at Minton's |url=https://jazztimes.com/features/columns/coda-charlie-christian-at-mintons/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=JazzTimes |language=en-US}}</ref> The "Rhythm-a-Ning" line is heard on "Down on [[Teddy Hill|Teddy's Hill]]" and behind the introduction on "Guy's Got to Go" from the Newman recordings. It is also a line from [[Mary Lou Williams]]'s "Walkin<nowiki>'</nowiki> and Swingin'".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-10 |title=Stories of Standards — Rhythm-a-Ning |url=https://www.kuvo.org/stories-of-standards-rhythm-a-ning/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=KUVO |language=en-US}}</ref> Clarke further commented that Christian first showed him the chords to "Epistrophy" on a [[ukulele]].<ref name="ReferenceB">Broadbent, Peter. ''Charlie Christian, Solo Flight: The Story of the Seminal Electric Guitarist''.</ref>

The Minton's and Uptown House recordings have been packaged under a number of different titles, including ''After Hours'' and ''The Immortal Charlie Christian''. On the recordings, Christian can be heard taking multiple choruses on a single tune, playing long stretches of melodic ideas with ease.<ref>Spring, Howard (1980). ''The Improvisational Style of Charlie Christian''.</ref>