Editing Charlevoix, Michigan (section)

===Early resort era (1880s–1918)===
[[File:Rustic Bridge over Old Channel (NBY 7113).jpg|thumb|Rustic Bridge over Old Channel in Charlevoix, circa 1900s]]

In 1880, several members of the [[First Congregational Church of Chicago]] formed a [[Chicago Summer Resort]] association, now known as the "Chicago Club."<ref>{{cite web|title=Going For A Drive|url=http://www.charlevoix.org/pages/goingforadrive|website=Charlevoix Chamber of Commerce|access-date=2 June 2016|quote="The Belvedere Club was such a successful venture another summer resort association was formed right across Pine River Channel in 1880. This one was called the Chicago Summer Resort Association and was organized by members of the First Congregational Church of Chicago. "}}</ref> Early citizens contributed to the founding of such early institutions as the Lewis Grand Opera House (1883) and Methodist (1878) and Congregational (1885) churches.<ref name="petoskeynews.com"/>

In 1892, the first rail traffic to Charlevoix arrived as the [[Chicago and West Michigan Railway]] extended rail service from Traverse City to [[Bay View, Michigan|Bay View]]. (This is not related to the 1901 [[Detroit and Charlevoix Railroad]] line to East Jordan). Rail lines opened up formerly remote tracts of inland land and lakeshore to commercial, industrial, resort, and other real estate development, as follows:

* The Detroit-based [[D.M. Ferry & Co|D.M. Ferry Seed Company]] expanded operations in northern Michigan, developing the land along Lake Charlevoix in 1892. It built a 200' dock and warehouse complex by 1905. Ferry's Charlevoix operations continued until 1927.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.fosterboatworksassociation.com/ |title = Members Login}}</ref>
* In 1899, the [[Federal Revenue Cutter Service]] came to Charlevoix and began tending buoys on the north side of the Round lake train bridge.<ref>{{cite news|title=Historical photo for Sept. 26, 2014: Coast Guard Moorings|url=http://www.petoskeynews.com/charlevoix/news/community/historical-photo-for-sept-coast-guard-moorings/article_95759dc7-0a45-5967-87a3-742cd6cf2c49.html|access-date=6 June 2016|agency=Charlevoix Courier|publisher=Petoskey News Review|date=Sep 25, 2014|quote="In 1899, the Federal Revenue Cutter Service came to Charlevoix and erected a warehouse and wharf on the northeast side of the upper channel leading into Pine Lake (renamed Lake Charlevoix in 1926). In 1915, after the service merged with the U.S. Life Saving Service to form the U.S. Coast Guard, the area became known as Coast Guard Moorings. "}}</ref> This site would later become known as the Coast Guard moorings.
* By 1901, industrialist James M. Felts of [[Rushville, Indiana]] had purchased thousands of acres between Mount McSauba and Big Rock point <ref>{{Cite book | url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/micounty/2911302.0001.001/26?view=pdf&size=100 |title = Plat book of Charlevoix County, Michigan / Drawn from actual surveys and the county records by P. A. & J. W. Myers|year = 2005}}</ref> and began construction of a massive sugar beet factory to be called the [[Charlevoix Sugar Company]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=R.|last2=Roderus|first2=Frank|title=The Beet Sugar Gazette VOL IV No 1. March 1902|date=1902|publisher=Beet Sugar Gazette Company|location=No. 84 Adams St., Chicago, Ill, USA|page=209|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y-3mAAAAMAAJ&q=%22James%20M%20Felts%22%20charlevoix&pg=RA1-PA209|access-date=1 June 2016|quote="James M. Felts, a capitalist from Rushville, Ind., who has heavy landed interests in the vicinity of Charlevoix, is general manager, and E.W. Coulter, for many years connected with the D. M. Ferry Seed Company, is superintendent of agriculture"}}</ref> The [[National Construction Company of Detroit]] built the factory between 1902 and 1903 at the point where [[Stover Creek]] emptied into [[Lake Charlevoix|Pine Lake]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The beet factory|url=http://www.petoskeynews.com/charlevoix/news/community/the-beet-factory/article_0ecc4328-d3a8-5313-ac55-64206e5f0ed2.html|access-date=1 June 2016|agency=Charlevoix Courier|date=Sep 4, 2015|quote="In 1902 it was announced that a sugar beet factory would be erected in Charlevoix to the south of the D. M. & Ferry & Co. seed warehouse, now the Foster Boat Works Association condominium, along the Lake Charlevoix shoreline at the intersection of the railroad tracks and Stover Creek. Construction began in August that year and was completed in 1903, one of the largest buildings ever constructed in the Lake Charlevoix basin."}}</ref> The factory was not profitable,<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Michigan's Beet Sugar Industry|url=http://beetsugarhistory.blogspot.com/2010/04/who-was-who-in-michigan-sugar-industry.html|website=beetsugarhistory . com|date=April 16, 2010|access-date=1 June 2016|quote="In 1903 he accepted the Chief Engineer's post at a new sugar factory in Charlevoix, Michigan. The Charlevoix factory failed to become completed because of exhausted funds. "}}</ref> and by 1911 the factory had closed and the machinery was removed to Ohio.<ref>{{cite web|title=Charlevoix History|url=http://durancefarm.com/content/charlevoix-history|website=Durance Farm|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Weekly Statistical Trade Journal|date=1911|publisher=Willet & Gray|location=Wall Street, New York|page=433|edition=Volume 35|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KaxKAAAAYAAJ&q=%22beet%20factory%22%20closed%20charlevoix%201912&pg=PA433|access-date=1 June 2016|quote="The press reports that work on the foundation for the new Ottawa factory has been started. Machinery from the factory at Charlevoix, Mich., is to be used for its equipment."}}</ref> The building, made almost entirely of concrete,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Thomas|first1=Avila|title=Concrete Construction for Sugar Houses|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IO_mAAAAMAAJ&q=%22National+Construction+Company+of+Detroit%22&pg=PA284|access-date=1 June 2016|agency=The Beet Sugar Gazette, (a semi-monthly journal devoted to the interest of the American sugar industry)|volume=V|issue=1|publisher=Beet Sugar Gazette Co.|date=January 5, 1903|location=Chicago, Ill|pages=283–284|format=newsletter|quote=the Charlevoix Sugar Company's factory nearing completion... All its retaining and enclosing walls, likewise all the floors, are made of concrete.}}</ref> slowly decayed until it was demolished in 1964 to make room for the Irish boat shop.<ref>{{cite news|title=The beet factory|url=http://www.petoskeynews.com/charlevoix/news/community/the-beet-factory/article_0ecc4328-d3a8-5313-ac55-64206e5f0ed2.html|access-date=1 June 2016|agency=Charlevoix Courier|date=Sep 4, 2015|quote="A wrecking ball took the hulking derelict structure out in 1964 to make way for a marina, now the Irish Boat Shop."}}</ref>
* In 1909, Chicago real estate developer and [[Chicago Club of Charlevoix]] member [[Edward Carson Waller]] purchased 2000-acres north of the Pere Marquette rail line including the former Felts tract. He replanted the land with pine trees, and commissioned architect [[Frank Lloyd Wright]] to create a bathing pavilion on the site.<ref>{{cite web|title=Edward C. Waller Bathing Pavilion|url=http://www.flwright.org/researchexplore/wrightbuildings/edwardwallerbathingpavilion|website=Frank Lloyd Wright Trust|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref> The pavilion burned down in 1922 or 1923.<ref>{{cite book|title=Charlevoix County 1930 plat (Hayes Twp)|publisher=W. W. Hixon & Co.|df=mdy-all|oclc=39903084}}</ref>
* The rail also brought tourist traffic during the summer. It was not long before the city became known as a resort destination. With three summer associations (the [[Belvedere Club]], Sequanota Club, and the Chicago Club); a number of luxurious summer hotels, including The Inn and The Beach; and rail service at two train depots on the [[Pere Marquette Railway]] line (one depot for the [[Belvedere Club]] on the south side of Round Lake and one on the north side near the [[Chicago Club (Charlevoix, Michigan)|Chicago Club]]); Charlevoix became known as one of the nation's finest summer communities.
* In 1913, the [[Pine Point (Charlevoix, Michigan)|Pine Point]] development (near Oyster Bay) opened on Pine Lake, making it one of the earliest neighborhood subdivisions in the Charlevoix area.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statewide Detail for Subdivision Plats|url=http://www.dleg.state.mi.us/platmaps/details.asp?BCC_SUBINDEX=15950|website=Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs (LARA)|publisher=michigan.gov|access-date=23 December 2016|quote="PINE POINT ... Recordation 3/15/1913"}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author1=Michigan Court of Appeals (Case 22 Mich. App. 575 (Mich. Ct. App. 1970))|title=DARNTON v. TOWNSHIP OF HAYES|url=https://casetext.com/case/darnton-v-township-of-hayes|website=casetext|access-date=23 December 2016|quote="The plat of Pine Point was recorded in 1913."}}</ref>

Charlevoix was also a popular destination for many lake passenger liners, including the ''Manitou'', [[SS Alabama|''Alabama'']], [[SS North American|''North American'']], [[SS South American|''South American'']], ''[[Milwaukee Clipper]],'' ''Illinois'', and others. By 1907, the [[Gazetteer]] published by [[R.L. Polk & Co.]] listed Charlevoix as a port of call for several Michigan steamboat lines<ref>{{cite book|title=Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory|date=1907|publisher=R.L. Polk & Co.|location=Detroit|page=151|edition=1907-1908|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=absfAQAAMAAJ&q=%22manitou%22%20steamship%20charlevoix&pg=PA249|access-date=7 June 2016}}</ref> including:
* the Anchor Line ([[Erie and Western Transportation Company]] from Buffalo, Erie, Cleveland, and Detroit to the summer resorts, Mackinac Island, Sault Ste. Marie, Marquette, Houghton and Hancock, Duluth, St. Paul, Minneapolis etc. connecting at Mackinaw Island with steamer lines to and from Milwaukee and Chicago, Petoskey, Charlevoix, Frankfort, Bay View, and Green Bay Ports.)
* [[Boyne City and Charlevoix Line]] (daily)
* [[East Jordan and Charlevoix Steamboat Line]]
* [[Manitou Steamship Company]] (Between Chicago, Frankfort, Charlevoix, Petoskey, Roaring Brook, [[Wequetonsing]], Harbor Springs, Bay View, and Mackinaw)
* [[Northern Michigan Transportation Company]] (every Wednesday and Saturday between Chicago and Ludington, Manistee, Frankfort, Glen Haven, Glen Arbor, Northport, Suttons Bay, Traverse City, Old Mission, Charlevoix, Petoskey, Harbor Springs, Bay View, St. James, St. Ignace, Mackinac Island, and Cheboygan)
* [[Traverse Bay Transportation Company]] (daily between Traverse City, Northport, Charlevoix, and intermediate points)