Editing Charles University (section)

===Charles-Ferdinand University (1622–1882)===
Cardinal [[Ernst Adalbert of Harrach]] actively opposed the union of the university with another institution, the withdrawal of the archiepiscopal right to the chancellorship, and prevented the drawing up of the Golden Bull for the confirmation of the grant to Jesuits. Cardinal Ernst funded the ''Collegium Adalbertinum'', and in 1638, Emperor [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]] limited the teaching monopoly enjoyed by the Jesuits. He took from them the rights, properties and archives of the Carolinum making the university once more independent under an imperial protector. During the last years of the [[Thirty Years' War]] the [[Charles Bridge]] in Prague was courageously defended by students of the Carolinum and [[Clementinum]]. Since 1650, those who received any degrees took an oath to maintain the ''[[Immaculate Conception]] of the Blessed Virgin'', which has been renewed annually.

[[File:Clementinum baroque library 7.jpg|thumb|left|Baroque library hall in Clementinum, which originally belonged to the university, today part of [[National Library of the Czech Republic]]|262x262px]]
On 23 February 1654, emperor [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]] merged ''Carolinum'' and ''Clementinum'' and created a single university with four faculties:'''Charles-Ferdinand University''' ({{langx|la|Universitatis Carolinae Ferdinandeae}}).<ref>{{cite book | chapter-url = http://libri.cz/databaze/dejiny/text/t45.html | first = František | last = Čapka | title = Dějiny zemí Koruny české v datech | chapter = VII. Vláda Habsburků a protireformace | language = cs | isbn = 978-80-85983-67-8 | url = http://www.libri.cz/databaze/dejiny/ | publisher = Libri | location = Prague | year = 1999 | access-date = 21 June 2009 | archive-date = 12 July 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140712045425/http://www.libri.cz/databaze/dejiny/ | url-status = dead}}</ref> ''Carolinum'' had at that time only the [[Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague|faculty of arts]], as the only faculty surviving the period of the [[Hussite Wars]]. The dilapidated Carolinum was rebuilt in 1718 at the expense of the state.

The rebuilding and the bureaucratic reforms of universities in the [[Habsburg monarchy]] in 1752 and 1754 deprived the university of many of its former privileges. In 1757 a Dominican and an Augustinian were appointed to give theological instruction. However, there was a gradual introduction of enlightened reforms, and this process culminated at the end of the century when even non-Catholics were granted the right to study. On 29 July 1784, [[German language|German]] replaced Latin as the language of instruction.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cuni.cz/UK-1584-version1-history_of_UK.doc | title = History of Charles University | format = [[DOC (computing)|DOC]] | date = 18 May 2004 | publisher = Charles University | access-date = 21 June 2009 | archive-date = 26 March 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200326161820/http://www.cuni.cz/UK-1584-version1-history_of_UK.doc | url-status = dead}}</ref> For the first time [[Protestantism|Protestants]] were allowed, and soon after [[History of the Jews in the Czech lands|Jews]]. The university acknowledged the need for a Czech language and literature [[Chair (academic)|chair]]. Emperor [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold II]] established it by a courtly decree on 28 October 1791. On 15 May 1792, scholar and historian {{ill|Franz Martin Pelzel|cs|František Martin Pelcl}}<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ujc.cas.cz/lingviste/pelcl-frantisek.html | title = František Pelcl | publisher = Institute of the Czech Language of the [[Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic]] | language = cs | access-date = 17 March 2012 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205030917/http://www.ujc.cas.cz/lingviste/pelcl-frantisek.html | archive-date = 5 February 2012}}</ref> was named the professor of the chair. He started his lectures on 13 March 1793.<ref>{{cite book | chapter-url = http://libri.cz/databaze/dejiny/text/t57.html | first = František | last = Čapka | title = Dějiny zemí Koruny české v datech | chapter = VIII. Od osvícenského absolutismu k národnímu obrození | language = cs | isbn = 978-80-85983-67-8 | url = http://www.libri.cz/databaze/dejiny/ | publisher = Libri | location = Prague | year = 1999 | access-date = 21 June 2009 | archive-date = 12 July 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140712045425/http://www.libri.cz/databaze/dejiny/ | url-status = dead}}</ref>

In the revolution of 1848, German and Czech students fought for the addition of the Czech language at the Charles-Ferdinand University as a language of lectures. Due to the demographic changes of the 19th century, Prague ceased to have a German-language majority around 1860. By 1863, 22 lecture courses were held in Czech, the remainder (out of 187) in German. In 1864, Germans suggested the creation of a separate Czech university. Czech professors rejected this because they did not wish to lose the continuity of university traditions.