Editing Change ringing (section)

====Call change instructions====
[[File:Call changes on eight bells WQT.png|thumb|Call changes on eight bells, with the musical rows Whittingtons, Queens and Tittums. This is not a call change 'peal', but an example of calling changes for a short period for musical effect.]]In ''call change ringing'' each different sequence of the bells, known as a "row", is specifically called out by one ringer, the "conductor", who instructs the other ringers how to change their bells' places from row to row. This command is known as a "call".

The change is made at the next  "handstroke" (when the sally on the bell rope is pulled), after the call.  In calling, the conductor usually has a strategy or plan to achieve the desired progression of rows, rather than remembering each call, and an example of these is shown in the example on eight bells. Conductors can space out the calls at will, but each row is normally struck twice at least because of the difficulty of calling continuous changes.

Calls are usually of the form "X to (or after) Y" or "X and Y"; in which X and Y refer to two of the bells by their physical numbers in the tower ('''not''' by their positions in the row). All cause two bells to swap.  The first form is used for ''calling up'' and ''calling down'', and the second form swaps the two bells mentioned.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://cccbr.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/200010.pdf| title = The Learning Curve: Call changes|work= The Ringing World |date = 6 October 2000|publisher = Central Council Education Committee}}</ref>

As an example of calling up and down, consider the following sequence of rows, and the calls a conductor would use to call them:

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: 5em"
|-
! Row
! Conductor's intent
! Call, if calling Up
! Call, if calling Down
! Call if swapping
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,<span style="color:red;">2</span>,<span style="color:red;">3</span>,4,5,6
| ''to swap bells 2 and 3''
| style="text-align:center;"| "2 to 3"
| style="text-align:center;"| "3 to 1"
| style="text-align:center;"| "2 and 3"
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,3,2,<span style="color:red;">4,5</span>,6
| ''to swap bells 4 and 5''
| style="text-align:center;"| "4 to 5"
| style="text-align:center;"| "5 to 2"
| style="text-align:center;"| "4 and 5"
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,3,<span style="color:red;">2,5</span>,4,6
| ''to swap bells 2 and 5''
| style="text-align:center;"| "2 to 5"
| style="text-align:center;"| "5 to 3"
| style="text-align:center;"| "2 and 5"
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| <span style="color:red;">1,3</span>,5,2,4,6
| ''to swap bells 1 and 3''
| style="text-align:center;"| "1 to 3"
| style="text-align:center;"| "3 to lead"
| style="text-align:center;"| "1 and 3"
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 3,1,5,2,4,6
|
|
|
|}

Thus it can be seen how these ways of calling differ:

*In ''calling up'', The first-called bell moves after the second called bell. 
*In ''calling down'', The first-called bell moves after the second called bell.
*In ''Swapping'', the bells simply swap position
In all cases, the ringer of the bell immediately above (behind) the swapping pair must also be alert, as that bell follows a new bell after the swap. Rarer forms of change calling may name just one of the moving bells, call the moving bell by position rather than number, or call out the full change.

The example on the right shows called changes eight bells being called using the "down" system. The sequence of calls shown gives three well-known musical rows, which are Whittingtons, Queens, and Tittums.

* '''Whittingtons''' – bell 1 and 2 stay in place, other bells ascend the odds and descend the evens
* '''Queens''' – descending odd bells then descending evens
* '''Tittums''' – interspersed light and heavy bells, giving a "tee-tum, tee-tum...." effect.