Editing Chadic languages (section)

==Comparative vocabulary==
Sample basic vocabulary in different Chadic branches listed in order from west to east, with reconstructions of other Afroasiatic branches also given for comparison:

{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="font-size: 85%"
! Language !! eye !! ear !! nose !! tooth !! tongue !! mouth !! blood !! bone !! tree !! water !! eat !! name
|-
| Proto-Chadic<ref>Jungraithmayr, Herrmann; Ibriszimow, Dymitr (1994). ''Chadic Lexical Roots: Tentative reconstruction, grading, distribution and comments''. (Sprache und Oralität in Afrika; 20), volume I, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag.</ref> ||{{Lang|cdc|*ydn}} || {{Lang|cdc|*km/*ɬm }} || {{Lang|cdc|*ntn}} || {{Lang|cdc|*s₃n; *ƙ-d}} || {{Lang|cdc|*ls₃-}} || {{Lang|cdc|*bk}} || {{Lang|cdc|*br}} || {{Lang|cdc|*ƙs₃}} ||  || {{Lang|cdc|*ymn }}|| {{Lang|cdc|*hrɗ}} (hard); {{Lang|cdc|*twy}} (soft) || {{Lang|cdc|*s₃m}}
|-
| [[Hausa language|Hausa]]<ref>Cosper, Ronald. 2015. Hausa dictionary. In: Key, Mary Ritchie & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) The Intercontinental Dictionary Series. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at http://ids.clld.org/contributions/220 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101070459/https://ids.clld.org/contributions/220 |date=2020-01-01 }}, Accessed on 2019-12-31.)</ref> || ido || kunne || hanci || haƙori || harshe || baki || jini || ƙashi || itaci; bishiya || ruwa || ci || suna
|-
| Proto-[[Ron languages|Ron]]<ref>Blench, Roger. no date. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/Chadic/West/Ron/Ron%20comparative%20wordlist.pdf Ron comparative wordlist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421035757/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/Chadic/West/Ron/Ron%20comparative%20wordlist.pdf |date=2015-04-21 }}.</ref> ||  || *kumu || **atin || *haŋgor || *liʃ || *fo || ɟɑ̄lɑ̄, tɾɔ̃̄ || *kaʃ ||  ||  ||  || *sum
|-
| Proto-[[South Bauchi languages|South Bauchi]]<ref>Shimizu, Kiyoshi. 1978. ''The Southern Bauchi group of Chadic languages: a survey report''. (Africana Marburgensia: Sonderheft, 2.) Marburg/Lahn: Africana Marburgensia.</ref> || *(gwà)yìr(-ŋ) || *kə̂m(-si) ||  ||  ||  || *bʸak(-ì) || *bìràm || *gu(ŋ)ul || *pit-ə̀ ||  ||  || *(yì)sûm(-s₃)
|-
| [[Polci language|Polci]]<ref>Cosper, Ronald. 2015. Polci dictionary. In: Key, Mary Ritchie & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) The Intercontinental Dictionary Series. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at http://ids.clld.org/contributions/221 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101045001/https://ids.clld.org/contributions/221 |date=2020-01-01 }}, Accessed on 2019-12-31.)</ref> || yiir || kəəm || cin || haƙori || shen || bii || buran; bəran || gooloo || pət || maa || ci || suŋ
|-
| Proto-[[Biu–Mandara languages|Central Chadic]]<ref>Gravina, Richard. 2014. ''[https://protocentralchadic.webonary.org/files/Proto-Central-Chadic-Lexicon.pdf Proto-Central Chadic Lexicon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120215000/https://protocentralchadic.webonary.org/files/Proto-Central-Chadic-Lexicon.pdf |date=2021-01-20 }}''. Webonary.</ref> || *hadaj; *tsɨʸ || *ɬɨmɨɗʸ || *hʷɨtsɨnʸ || *ɬɨɗɨnʸ || *ɗɨrɨnɨhʸ; *ɣanaɗʸ; *naɬɨj ||  || *maj || *ɗiɬ; *kɨrakaɬʸ || *hʷɨp || *ɗɨjɨm || *zɨm || *ɬɨmɨɗʸ
|-
| Proto-[[Masa languages|Masa]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shryock |first1=Aaron |title=The classification of the Masa group of languages |journal=Studies in African Linguistics |date=June 1997 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=30–62 |doi=10.32473/sal.v26i1.107396 |s2cid=185914860 |doi-access=free }}</ref> || *ir || *hum || *cin || *s- || *si || *vun || *vuzur || *sok || *gu || *mb- || *ti || *sem
|-
| [[Kujarge language|Kujarge]]<ref>Doornbos, Paul. 1981. Field notes on Kujarge, language metadata, 200-word list plus numerals and pronouns.</ref> || kunɟu || kumayo ~ kime || kaata || kiya || aliŋati || apa || ɪbɪrí || (kaɟeɟa), kàyɛ́ya || kaʃíè || ʃia || (tona), tuye [imp. sg.]; tuwona [imp. pl.] || rúwà
|-
| colspan = "13" | '''Other Afroasiatic branches'''
|-
| Proto-[[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ehret |first1=Christopher |title=Proto-Cushitic Reconstruction |journal=Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika |date=1987 |volume=8 |pages=7–180 }}</ref> || *ʔil- ||  || *ʔisŋʷ- || *ʔiɬkʷ- || *caanrab- || *ʔaf-/*yaf- ||  || *mikʷ’-; *moc’- ||  ||  || *-aħm-/*-uħm-; *ɬaam- || *sim-/*sum-
|-
| Proto-[[Maji languages|Maji]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aklilu |first1=Yilma |date=2003 |title=Comparative phonology of the Maji languages |journal=Journal of Ethiopian Studies |volume=36 |pages=59–88 }}</ref> || *ʔaːb || *háːy ||  || *aːç’u ||  || *eːdu ||  || *uːs || *inču || *haːy || *um || 
|-
| [[Riffian language|Tarifiyt Berber]]<ref>Kossmann, Maarten. 2009. [https://wold.clld.org/vocabulary/6 Tarifiyt Berber vocabulary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526080621/https://wold.clld.org/vocabulary/6 |date=2024-05-26 }}. In: Haspelmath, Martin & Tadmor, Uri (eds.) ''World Loanword Database''. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.</ref> || ŧit’t’ || aməžžun, aməz’z’uɣ || ŧinzā || ŧiɣməsŧ || iřəs || aqəmmum || iđammən || iɣəss ||  || aman || šš || isəm
|-
| [[Coptic language|Coptic]] || ia || ma'aje || ša || šol, najhe || las || ro || snof || kas || šēn || mou || wōm || ran
|-
| Proto-[[Semitic languages|Semitic]]<ref>Kogan, Leonid (2012). "Proto-Semitic Lexicon". In Weninger, Stefan (ed.). ''The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook''. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 179–258. {{ISBN|978-3-11-025158-6}}.</ref> || *ʕayn- || *ʔuḏn- || *ʔanp- || *šinn- || *lišān- ||  || *dam- || *ʕaṯ̣m- || *ʕiṣ̂- || *mā̆y- || *ʔ-k-l || (*šim-)
|-
| [[Proto-Afroasiatic]]<ref>{{cite book|last = Ehret|author-link = Christopher Ehret|first = Christopher|title = Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic (Proto-Afrasian): vowels, tone, consonants, and vocabulary|publisher = University of California Press|year = 1995|isbn = 0-520-09799-8}}</ref> || *ʔǐl- || *-ʔânxʷ- ||  || *sǐn-/*sǎn- 'tip, point' || *-lis’- 'to lick' || *âf- || *dîm-/*dâm- || *k’os- || *ɣǎ || *âm-; *akʷ’- || *-mǎaʕ-; *-iit-; *-kʷ’-̌ || *sǔm-/*sǐm-
|}