Editing Centrifuge (section)

=== Laboratory separations ===
{{main|Laboratory centrifuge}}
[[File:FDA Mobile Lab 4008 (4460533736).jpg|thumb|Samples placed in a small laboratory centrifuge]]
A wide variety of laboratory-scale centrifuges are used in chemistry, biology, biochemistry and [[clinical medicine]] for isolating and separating suspensions and immiscible liquids. They vary widely in speed, capacity, temperature control, and other characteristics. Laboratory centrifuges often can accept a range of different fixed-angle and swinging bucket rotors able to carry different numbers of centrifuge tubes and rated for specific maximum speeds. Controls vary from simple electrical timers to programmable models able to control acceleration and deceleration rates, running speeds, and temperature regimes. Ultracentrifuges spin the rotors under vacuum, eliminating air resistance and enabling exact temperature control. [[Zonal rotor]]s and [[continuous flow]] systems are capable of handing bulk and larger sample volumes, respectively, in a laboratory-scale instrument.<ref name=":0" />

[[File:Blood Research- Saving Lives (8384) (9759061442).jpg|thumb|Whole blood is often separated, using a centrifuge, into components for storage and transport]]
An application in laboratories is blood separation. Blood separates into cells and proteins (RBC, WBC, platelets, etc.) and serum. [[DNA]] preparation is another common application for pharmacogenetics and clinical diagnosis. DNA samples are purified and the DNA is prepped for separation by adding buffers and then centrifuging it for a certain amount of time. The blood waste is then removed and another buffer is added and spun inside the centrifuge again. Once the blood waste is removed and another buffer is added the pellet can be suspended and cooled. Proteins can then be removed and the entire thing can be centrifuged again and the DNA can be isolated completely. Specialized [[cytocentrifuge]]s are used in medical and biological laboratories to concentrate cells for microscopic examination.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stokes |first1=Barry O. |year=2004 |title=Principles of Cytocentrifugation |journal=Laboratory Medicine |volume=35 |issue=7 |pages=434–437 |issn=0007-5027 |doi=10.1309/FTT59GWKDWH69FB0 |doi-access=free}}</ref>