Editing Central Europe (section)

===Interwar period===
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| image1            = Central Europe (Geographie universelle, 1927).svg
| caption1          = [[Interwar period|Interwar]] Central Europe according to Emmanuel de Martonne (1927)
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| caption2          = CE countries, ''Sourcebook of Central European Avant-Gardes 1910–1930'' (L.A. County Museum of Art)<ref name="Between Worlds – The MIT Press" />
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The [[interwar period]] (1918–1938) brought a new geopolitical system, as well as economic and political problems, and the concept of Central Europe took on a different character. The centre of interest was moved to its eastern part, particularly to the countries that had rappeared or reappared on the map of Europe. Central Europe ceased to be the area of German aspiration to lead or dominate and became a territory of various integration movements aiming at resolving political, economic, and national problems of "new" states, being a way to face German and Soviet pressures. However, the conflict of interests was too major, and neither the [[Little Entente]] nor [[Intermarium]] (''Międzymorze'') ideas succeeded. The Hungarian historian [[Magda Ádám]] wrote in her study ''Versailles System and Central Europe'' (2006): "Today we know that the bane of Central Europe was the [[Little Entente]], military alliance of [[Czechoslovakia]], Romania and [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] (later Yugoslavia), created in 1921 not for Central Europe's cooperation nor to fight German expansion, but in a wrong perceived notion that a completely powerless Hungary must be kept down".<ref>István Deák (2006) The English Historical Review, Volume CXXI, Issue 490, page: 338: The Versailles System and Central Europe [https://academic.oup.com/ehr/article-abstract/CXXI/490/338/458682]</ref> The [[events preceding World War II in Europe]], including the so-called [[Western betrayal]] such as the [[Munich Agreement]], were very much enabled by the rising nationalism and ethnocentrism that typified that period.

The interwar period brought new elements to the concept of Central Europe. Before World War I, it embraced mainly German-speaking states, and non-German speaking territories were an area of intended German penetration and domination, with German leadership being the 'natural' result of economic dominance.<ref name="essex.ac.uk" /> Post-war, the Eastern part of Central Europe was placed at the centre of the concept. At the time, the scientists took an interest in the idea: the International Historical Congress in [[Brussels]] in 1923 was committed to Central Europe, and the 1933, Congress continued the discussions.<ref name="ehr.oxfordjournals.org">{{cite journal|last1=Deak|first1=I. |title=The Versailles System and Central Europe|doi=10.1093/ehr/cej100 |page=338|volume=CXXI |year=2006 |journal=The English Historical Review|issue=490}}</ref>

According to [[Emmanuel de Martonne]], in 1927, Central Europe encompassed Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Switzerland, northern Italy and northern Yugoslavia. The author uses both Human and Physical Geographical features to define Central Europe but failed to take into account the legal development or the social, cultural, economic, and infrastructural developments in those countries.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100212050523/http://img73.imageshack.us/img73/5269/file0039ao0.jpg], [https://web.archive.org/web/20100212050523/http://img98.imageshack.us/img98/1867/martonne2a.jpg] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20100212050523/http://img12.imageshack.us/img12/4384/martonne1.jpg] ; ''Géographie universelle'' (1927), edited by [[Paul Vidal de la Blache]] and [[Lucien Gallois]]</ref>

The avant-garde movements of Central Europe contributed to the evolution of modernism and reached their its peak throughout the continent during the 1920s. The ''Sourcebook of Central European avantgards'' ([[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]]) contains primary documents of the avant-gardes in the territories of Austria, Germany, Poland (including western parts of present-day [[Belarus]] and [[Ukraine]], and southern parts of Lithuania), Czechoslovakia (including the Czech Republic and Slovakia), Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia (including present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, [[Montenegro]], [[North Macedonia]], [[Serbia]] and Slovenia) from 1910 to 1930.<ref name="Between Worlds – The MIT Press">{{cite web|url=http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=8958 |title=Between Worlds|publisher=The MIT Press |access-date=31 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922195357/https://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=8958 |archive-date=22 September 2006 }}</ref>