Editing Celluloid (section)

===John Wesley Hyatt===
In the 1860s, an American, [[John Wesley Hyatt]], acquired Parkes's patent and began experimenting with cellulose nitrate with the intention of manufacturing [[billiard ball]]s, which until that time were made from [[ivory]]. He used cloth, ivory dust, and [[shellac]], and on April 6, 1869, patented a method of covering billiard balls with the addition of collodion. With assistance from Peter Kinnear and other investors,<ref name="NYSPL">{{cite web |url=http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/msscfa/sc22082.htm |title=Albany Billiard Ball Company Records, 1894-1944; Bulk 1915-1944 |year=2009 |editor-first=Fred |editor-last=Bassett |work=NYSL.NYSED.gov |at="Manuscripts and Special Collections" section |publisher=New York State Library, NYS Education Dept |location=Albany, NY, US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105050050/http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/msscfa/sc22082.htm |archive-date=January 5, 2013 |access-date=January 5, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hyatt formed the [[Albany Billiard Ball Company]] (1868–1986) in [[Albany, New York]], to manufacture the product. In 1870, John and his brother Isaiah patented a process of making a "horn-like material" with the inclusion of cellulose nitrate and camphor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US105338 |title=US patent #105,338 issued July 12, 1870 |access-date=2014-05-07}}</ref> Alexander Parkes and Daniel Spill ''(see below)'' listed camphor during their earlier experiments, calling the resultant mix "xylonite", but it was the Hyatt brothers who recognized the value of camphor and its use as a plasticizer for cellulose nitrate. They used heat and pressure to simplify the manufacture of these compounds. Isaiah Hyatt dubbed the material "celluloid" in 1872. The Hyatts later moved their company, now called the Celluloid Manufacturing Company, to [[Newark, New Jersey]]. 

[[File:US-NJ(1891) p568 NEWARK, THE CELLULOID COMPANY.jpg|thumbnail|Newark, New Jersey, industrial production complex of the Celluloid Company ({{Circa|1890}})]]
Over the years, celluloid became the common use term used for this type of plastic. In 1878 Hyatt was able to patent a process for injection moulding thermoplastics, although it took another fifty years before it could be realized commercially, and in later years celluloid was used as the base for [[photographic film]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plastiquarian.com/index.php?id=13&subid=135&osCsid=fc41f33a8e541b152ad79a59d00b3d19 |title=Plastics Historical Society |publisher=Plastiquarian.com |access-date=2014-05-07}}</ref>