Editing Causes of mental disorders (section)

===Medical or biomedical model===
An overall distinction is also commonly made between a "medical model" (also known as a biomedical or disease model) and a "social model" (also known as an empowerment or recovery model) of mental disorder and [[disability]], with the former focusing on hypothesized disease processes and symptoms, along with latter focusing on hypothesized [[social constructionism]] and social contexts.

[[Biological psychiatry]] has tended to follow a [[biomedical]] model focused on organic or "hardware" pathology of the brain,<ref name="Ghaemi 2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ghaemi SN | title = Paradigms of psychiatry: eclecticism and its discontents | journal = Current Opinion in Psychiatry | volume = 19 | issue = 6 | pages = 619–624 | date = November 2006 | pmid = 17012942 | doi = 10.1097/01.yco.0000245751.98749.52 | s2cid = 22068456 }}</ref> where many mental disorders are conceptualized as disorders of [[brain circuits]] shaped by a complex interplay of genetics and experience.<ref name=Insel>{{cite journal | vauthors = Insel TR, Wang PS | title = Rethinking mental illness | journal = JAMA | volume = 303 | issue = 19 | pages = 1970–1971 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20483974 | doi = 10.1001/jama.2010.555 | s2cid = 8210144 }}</ref>

The social and medical models of mental disorders each work to identify and study distinct aspects, solutions, and potential therapies of disorders. The intersection and cross reference between the two models can further be used to develop more holistic models of mental disorders. Many criticisms historically of each model is the exclusivity of the other perspective. Therefore, intersectional research improved the impact and importance of future findings.<ref>Hogan A. J. (2019). Social and medical models of disability and mental health: evolution and renewal. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association journal, 191(1), E16–E18. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.181008</ref>