Editing Catatonia (section)

=== Subtypes ===
There are several subtypes of catatonia which are used currently: stuporous catatonia, excited catatonia, malignant catatonia, and periodic catatonia. Subtypes are defined by the group of symptoms and associated features that a person is experiencing or displaying. Notably, while catatonia can be divided into various subtypes, the appearance of catatonia is often dynamic and the same individual may have different subtypes at different times.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Shorter |first1=Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K_tdDwAAQBAJ&q=fink+catatonia+%22alternation%22&pg=PA119 |title=The Madness of Fear: A History of Catatonia |last2=Fink |first2=Max |date=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-088119-1 |language=en}}</ref>

'''Stuporous catatonia''': This form of catatonia is characterized by immobility, mutism, and a lack of response to the world around them.<ref name="Fink & Taylor 2009" /><ref name="Catatonia StatPearls" /> They may appear frozen in one position for long periods of time unable to eat, drink, or speak.

'''Excited catatonia''': This form of catatonia is characterized by odd mannerisms and gestures, purposeless or inappropriate actions, excessive motor activity, restlessness, stereotypy, impulsivity, agitation, and combativeness. Speech and actions may be repetitive or mimic another person's.<ref name="Fink & Taylor 2009" /><ref name="Catatonia StatPearls" /><ref name="Rasmussen Mazurek Rosebush 2016" /> People in this state are extremely hyperactive and may have delusions and hallucinations.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nolen-Hoeksema |first1=Susan |title=Abnormal Psychology |date=2014 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Education |isbn=978-1-259-06072-4 |page=224 }}</ref>

'''Malignant catatonia''': This form of catatonia is life-threatening. It is characterized by fever, dramatic and rapid changes in blood pressure, increased heart rate and respiratory rate, and excessive sweating.<ref name="Fink & Taylor 2009" /><ref name="Catatonia StatPearls" /> Laboratory tests may be abnormal.

'''Periodic catatonia:''' This form of catatonia is characterized by a person having recurrent episodes of catatonia. Individuals will experience multiple episodes over time, without signs of catatonia in between episodes. Historically, the Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard School considered periodic catatonia a distinct form of "non-system schizophrenia" characterized by recurrent acute phases with hyperkinetic and akinetic features and often psychotic symptoms, and the build-up of a residual state in between these acute phases, which is characterized by low-level catatonic features and [[aboulia]] of varying severity.