Editing Carmel-by-the-Sea, California (section)

=== Modern era ===
In 1902, [[James Franklin Devendorf]] and [[Frank Hubbard Powers]], on behalf of the [[Carmel Development Company]], filed a subdivision map of the core village that became Carmel. They asked Michael J. Murphy to help build the houses. From 1902 to 1940, he built nearly 350 buildings in Carmel.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Grimes|first1=Teresa|last2=Heumann|first2=Leslie|url=https://ci.carmel.ca.us/sites/main/files/file-attachments/final_updated_carmel_historic_context_statement_091208-b.pdf?1510262312|title=Historic Context Statement Carmel-by-the-Sea|work=Leslie Heumann and Associates1994|access-date=January 18, 2022|archive-date=January 18, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118183219/https://ci.carmel.ca.us/sites/main/files/file-attachments/final_updated_carmel_historic_context_statement_091208-b.pdf?1510262312|url-status=live}}</ref> The Carmel post office opened the same year.<ref name="CGN">{{California's Geographic Names|881}}</ref> In 1899, Fritz Schweninger opened the first bakery on Ocean Avenue, called the [[Schweninger Building|Carmel Bakery]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pineconearchive.com/210625PCA.pdf|title= Professional historians refuse to settle for half-baked legends |author=Neal Hotelling|work=Carmel Pine Cone|place=Carmel-by-the-Sea, California|date=June 24, 2021|pages=27–28|access-date=June 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Dramov|first=Alissandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QX-TDwAAQBAJ&q=Schweinger|title=Historic Buildings of Downtown Carmel-by-the-Sea|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|place=Carmel-by-the-Sea, California|date=2019|page=66|isbn=9781467103039|access-date=June 22, 2022}}</ref>  In 1910, the [[Carnegie Institution]] established the Coastal Laboratory, and a number of scientists moved to the area. Carmel incorporated in 1916.<ref name="CGN" />

In 1905, the ''[[Carmel Arts and Crafts Club]]'' was formed to support and produce artistic works. After the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]], the village was inundated with musicians, writers, painters and other creatives. These new residents were offered home lots—ten dollars as a down payment, little or no interest, and whatever they could afford to pay on a monthly basis.<ref>Barbara J. Klein, The Carmel Monterey Peninsula Art Colony: A History, accessed at {{cite web |url=http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/5aa/5aa300.htm |title=The Carmel Monterey Peninsula Art Colony: A History; article by Barbara J. Klein |access-date=August 1, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827084926/http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/5aa/5aa300.htm |archive-date=August 27, 2009 }}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=December 2023}} In 1906, the ''[[San Francisco Call]]'' devoted a full page to the "artists, writers and poets at Carmel-by-the-Sea".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC19060114.2.185.4 |title=Among the Artists, Writers and Poets at Carmel-by-the-sea. |author=Brooks, Ida L. |date=January 14, 1906 |volume=99 |number=45 |newspaper=San Francisco Call |access-date=August 15, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005114415/http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC19060114.2.185.4 |archive-date=October 5, 2016 }}</ref>

The Carmel Arts and Crafts Club held exhibitions, lectures, dances, and produced plays and recitals at numerous locations, including the [[Pine Inn]] Hotel, before purchasing a lot on Casanova Street, where they built a clubhouse in 1907.<ref name="californianprepress.com" /> By 1914, the club had achieved national recognition.<ref name="californianprepress.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.californianprepress.com/thecalifornian/specialsections/uploads/ads/NonProfits05/NonProfit09.pdf |title=When the Carmel 'Bohemians' met The Ladies of The Arts & Crafts Club |publisher=californianprepress.com |date=December 24, 2005 |access-date=January 7, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708111932/http://www.californianprepress.com/thecalifornian/specialsections/uploads/ads/NonProfits05/NonProfit09.pdf |archive-date=July 8, 2011 }}</ref>
[[File:Mary Austin, Jack London, George Sterling, Jimmie Hooper, restored.jpg|thumb|left|Carmel became a hub for artists and writers in the early 1900's. Pictured are [[George Sterling]], [[Mary Hunter Austin|Mary Austin]], [[Jack London]], and [[James Hopper (writer)|Jimmie Hopper]] at Carmel Beach, c. 1905.]]
In 1911, Carmel began a tradition of presenting plays by Shakespeare with a production of ''[[Twelfth Night]]'', directed by Garnet Holme of UC Berkeley and featuring future mayors Perry Newberry and Herbert Heron. ''Twelfth Night'' was again presented in 1940 at Heron's inaugural Carmel Shakespeare Festival, and was repeated in 1942 and 1956.<ref name="Carmel"/>

In 1915, during the [[Panama–Pacific International Exposition]] in [[San Francisco]], various items showcasing Carmel were featured in the Monterey County exhibit within the California Building. This exhibit included natural and industrial products of this part of the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-panamapacific-internati/139631351/|title=Tuesday March 2nd, Monterey Co. Day|work=The Californian|place=Salinas, California|date=February 5, 1915|page=1|access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref> As part of Carmel's involvement in the Exposition, the ''Junipero Serra or The Padres'' performance from the [[Forest Theater]] took place on July 30–31, 1915, within the Court of the Universe. This pageant, written and directed by [[Perry Newberry]], was a tribute to Father [[Junipero Serra]] and featured prominent citizens of Carmel in its cast, such as [[Frederick R. Bechdolt]] and [[Grant Wallace]]. Around twenty-five thousand individuals attended these performances.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-junipero-serr/139632208/|title=Carmel Pageant See at Fair Days of Missions Are Portrayed|work=The San Francisco Examiner|place=San Francisco, California|date=July 31, 1915|page=6|access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
[[File:La Playa Hotel, ca. 1906.jpg|thumb|right|[[La Playa Hotel]], founded in 1913, is one of Carmel's oldest establishments.]]
In 1925, [[Paul Aiken Flanders]]  built the [[Outlands in the Eighty Acres|Flanders Mansion]] and used his home as a model for the [[Hatton Fields]] subdivision.<ref>{{cite web|last=Seavey |first=Kent L. |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Outlands in the Eighty Acres |url={{NRHP url|id=89000228}} |publisher=National Park Service |date=August 1988 |access-date=February 5, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94299711/paul-falnders/ |title=Easter Brings Eastbay Folk to Art Colony |work=Oakland Tribune|place=Oakland, California|date=April 12, 1925|page=21 |access-date=February 5, 2022}}</ref> The City of Carmel purchased the Flanders Mansion and adjoining {{convert|14.9|acre}} in 1972, from the Flanders heirs for US$275,000 ({{Inflation|US|275000|1972|fmt=eq}}). It has become part of the {{convert|34|acre|adj=on}} Mission Trail Nature Preserve.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94299711/paul-falnders/|title=Easter Brings Eastbay Folk to Art Colony|work=Oakland Tribune|place=Oakland, California|date=April 12, 1925|page=21|access-date=February 5, 2022|archive-date=February 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205224301/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94299711/paul-falnders/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1932, the city developed the [[Devendorf Park]] that occupies the block of Ocean Avenue and Junipero Street. The city park is Carmel's central gathering place for outdoor events.<ref name="Grimes">{{cite web|last1=Grimes|first1=Teresa|last2=Heumann|first2=Leslie|url=https://ci.carmel.ca.us/sites/main/files/file-attachments/final_updated_carmel_historic_context_statement_091208-b.pdf?1510262312 |title=Historic Context Statement Carmel-by-the-Sea|work=Leslie Heumann and Associates1994|access-date=January 18, 2022}}</ref>