Editing Camp (style) (section)

=== Film ===
[[File:Rock Hudson and Dorothy Malone in Written on the Wind.jpeg|thumb|Several [[melodrama film]]s, like [[Douglas Sirk]]'s ''[[Written on the Wind]]'' (1956), have acquired [[Cult film|cult status]] because of their unintentional camp content.<ref name="melodrama"/>]]
[[Melodrama film]]s have been celebrated for their unintentional camp content by [[gay male culture]] long before critics and academics first defined the genre in the 1970s.<ref name="melodrama">{{cite book|title=Melodrama: Genre, Style, Sensibility|isbn=978-0-231-50306-8|type=eBook|year=2013|orig-year=2004|publisher=Wallflower, [[Columbia University Press]]|location=London; New York|series=Short Cuts|last1=Mercer|first1=John|first2=Martin|last2=Shingler|chapter=Introduction; Camp; Gay cinema and the gay auteur}}</ref><ref name="melodrama2">{{cite book|editor-first=Christine|editor-last=Gledhill|title=Home is Where the Heart Is: Studies in Melodrama and the Woman's Film|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|year=1987|location=London|isbn=0-85170-200-7|page=7}}</ref> Some writers have even considered the genre to be "cinema made for and by [[gay men]]."<ref name="melodrama"/> In addition to the films of [[Douglas Sirk]] (the greatest exponent of melodrama), several works by Minnelli, [[Nicholas Ray]], [[George Cukor]], [[Billy Wilder]] and [[Joseph Losey]] acquired [[cult status]] among gay men because of the "very excessiveness, extreme emotionality, mannered performances, style and very direct sentimental form of address that these films demonstrate".<ref name="melodrama"/> Several features of the family melodrama, later emphasized by film theorists as integral to the subversive and progressive essence of the genre, were precisely the attributes that gay men found humorous.<ref name="melodrama"/> Several later exponents of [[gay cinema]], like [[John Waters]], [[Pedro Almodóvar]], [[Rainer Werner Fassbinder]] and [[Todd Haynes]], among others, have cited campy melodramas as a major influence.<ref name="melodrama"/>

Famous representatives of camp films are, for example, [[John Waters]] ''([[Pink Flamingos]], 1972)'' and [[Rosa von Praunheim]] ''([[The Bed Sausage]], 1971)'', who mainly used this style in the 1970s, and who created films which achieved [[cult status]].<ref name="CampWaters">{{cite web|title=John Waters: King of Camp and Auteur of Cult Trash|url=https://filmdaze.net/john-waters-king-of-camp-and-auteur-of-cult-trash/|work=Film Daze|date=12 June 2019 |access-date=2022-03-05}}</ref><ref name="CampPraunheim">{{cite book|title=A New History of German Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=98tvAwAAQBAJ&dq=waters+praunheim+camp&pg=PA538|publisher= [[Camden House Publishing]]|isbn = 9781571135957|access-date=2022-03-05|last1 = Kapczynski|first1 = Jennifer M.|last2 = Richardson|first2 = Michael David|year = 2012}}</ref> The 1972 musical ''[[Cabaret (1972 film)|Cabaret]]'' is also seen as an example of the aesthetic, with film critic Esther Leslie describing the camp in the film thus:<blockquote>Camp thrives on tragic gestures, on lament at the transience of life, on an excess of sentiment, an ironic sensibility that art and artifice is preferable to nature and health, in a Wildean sense.<ref name=":7">{{Citation |last=Leslie |first=Esther |title=Schlock, Kitsch, and Camp |date=2022 |work=The Cambridge Companion to American Horror |pages=91–104 (96) |editor-last=Storey |editor-first=Mark |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-american-horror/schlock-kitsch-and-camp/AFE723D2952473D1887BF2BB9487F771 |access-date=2024-08-09 |series=Cambridge Companions to Literature |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781009071550.008 |isbn=978-1-316-51300-2 |editor2-last=Shapiro |editor2-first=Stephen}}</ref></blockquote>Australian writer/director Baz Luhrmann's [[Red Curtain Trilogy]], in particular the film ''[[Strictly Ballroom]]'' (1992), has been described as camp.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gluyas |first=Sophia Davidson |date=2014-03-01 |title=Dancing Federation Steps: A (queer) lesbian reading of Strictly Ballroom |journal=Intersectional Perspectives: Identity, Culture, and Society |language=en-US |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=24 |doi=10.18573/ipics.66 |issn=2042-387X|doi-access=free }}</ref>
The term camp is also used prominently in the horror genre, with examples including ''[[Killer Klowns from Outer Space]]'', or [[The Evil Dead]] franchise.