Editing Calabria (section)

==Geology==
[[File:CentralMediterranean-GeotectonicMap.jpg|thumb|[[Geotectonic]] map of the Central Mediterranean Area and the Calabrian Arc. The blue area is the geotectonic cross section depicted below. From van Dijk (1992).<ref name ='van Dijk-etal_2000, a'/>]]
[[File:CalabrianArc-GeotectonicSection.jpg|thumb|Geotectonic Cross Section of the Calabrian Arc. Left: NW; Right: SE. From van Dijk (1992).<ref name ='van Dijk-etal_2000, a'/>]]

Calabria is commonly considered part of the "Calabrian Arc", an arc-shaped geographic domain extending from the southern part of the [[Basilicata]] Region to the northeast of [[Sicily]], and including the [[Peloritani|Peloritano Mountains]] (although some authors extend this domain from [[Naples]] in the north to [[Palermo]] in the southwest). The Calabrian area shows basement (crystalline and metamorphic rocks) of [[Paleozoic]] and younger ages, covered by (mostly Upper) [[Neogene]] sediments. Studies have revealed that these rocks comprise the upper part of a pile of thrust sheets which dominate the [[Apennines]] and the Sicilian [[Maghrebides]].<ref name ='van Dijk-etal_2000, a'>van Dijk, J.P., Bello, M., Brancaleoni, G.P., Cantarella, G., Costa, V., Frixa, A., Golfetto, F., Merlini, S., Riva, M., Toricelli, S., Toscano, C., and Zerilli, A. (2000, a); A new structural model for the northern sector of the Calabrian Arc. Tectonophysics, 324, 267–320.</ref>

The [[Neogene]] evolution of the Central Mediterranean system is dominated by the migration of the Calabrian Arc to the southeast, overriding the African Plate and its promontories.<ref name ='Argand_1922'>Argand, E. (1922); La tectonique de l'Asie. Comptes Rendus 3rd Int. Geol. Congr., Liège (Be), 1922, 1, 171–372.</ref><ref name ='Boccaletti-and-Guazzone_1972, b'>Boccaletti, M., and Guazzone, G. (1972, b); Evoluzione paleogeografica e geodinamica del Mediterraneo: i bacini marginali. Mem. Soc. geol. It., 13, 162–169.</ref>) The main tectonic elements of the Calabrian Arc are the southern Apennines fold-and-thrust belt, the "Calabria-Peloritani", or simply Calabrian block and the Sicilian Maghrebides fold-and-thrust belt. The foreland area is formed by the [[Apulia]] Platform, which is part of the [[Adriatic]] Plate, and the [[Ragusa, Italy|Ragusa]] or [[Iblean]] Platform, which is an extension of the African Plate. These platforms are separated by the [[Ionian Basin]]. The [[Tyrrhenian Sea|Tyrrhenian]] oceanized basin is regarded as the [[back-arc basin]]. This [[subduction]] system therefore shows the southern plates of African affinity subducting below the northern plates of European affinity.<ref name ='van Dijk-etal_2000, a'/>

The geology of Calabria has been studied for more than a century.<ref name ='Ogniben_1973'>Ogniben, Leo (1973); Schema geologico della Calabria in base ai dati odierni. Geol. Romana, 12, 243–585.</ref><ref name ='Ippolito_1959'>Ippolito, Felice (1959); Bibliografia geologica d'Italia, Vol. 4, Calabria. C.N.R., Roma</ref><ref name ='Cortese_1895'>Cortese, E. (1895); Descrizione geologica della Calabria. Mem. Descrit. Carta Geol. It., 9, 310 pp., Roma.</ref> The earlier works were mainly dedicated to the evolution of the basement rocks of the area. The Neogene sedimentary successions were merely regarded as "post-orogenic" infill of "neo-tectonic" tensional features. In the course of time, however, a shift can be observed in the temporal significance of these terms, from post-[[Eocene]] to post-Early [[Miocene]] to post-middle [[Pleistocene]].<ref name ='van Dijk-etal_2000, a'/>

The region is seismically active and is generally ascribed to the re-establishment of an equilibrium after the latest (mid-Pleistocene) deformation phase. Some authors believe that the subduction process is still ongoing, which is a matter of debate.<ref name ='van Dijk-and-Scheepers_1995'>{{cite journal |last1=van Dijk |first1=J.P. |last2=Scheepers |first2=P.J.J. |date=1995 |title=Neogene rotations in the Calabrian Arc. Implications for a Pliocene-Recent geodynamic scenario for the Central Mediterranean. |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |volume=39 |issue=3–4 |pages=207–246 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222475994 |doi=10.1016/0012-8252(95)00009-7 |hdl=1874/19084 |s2cid=128811666|hdl-access=free }}</ref>