Editing Cadbury (section)

=== Schweppes merger (1969) ===
[[File:Cadbury Schweppes.svg|The Cadbury [[Schweppes]] logo used until the demerger in 2008|thumb|317x317px]]

Cadbury merged with drinks company [[Schweppes]] to form Cadbury Schweppes in 1969.<ref name=Smith_Rowlinson>{{cite book |first1=Chris |last1=Smith |first2=Michael |last2=Rowlinson |title=Reshaping Work: The Cadbury Experience |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PNc9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA81 |year=1990 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-32304-8 |pages=78–80}}</ref> Head of Schweppes, [[Lord Watkinson]], became chairman, and [[Adrian Cadbury]] became deputy chairman and [[managing director]].<ref name=Smith_Rowlinson/> The benefits of the merger were to prove elusive.<ref name="Hendry83">{{cite book |last=Hendry |first=John |title=European Cases in Strategic Management |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XB57PUKmmggC&pg=PA83 |year=1999 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=1-86152-577-X |page=83}}</ref> The merger put an end to Cadbury's close links to its Quaker founding family.<ref name="SmithRowlinson1">{{cite book |first1=Chris |last1=Smith |first2=Michael |last2=Rowlinson |title=Reshaping Work: The Cadbury Experience |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PNc9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA78 |year=1990 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-32304-8 |pages=78–95}}</ref>

[[File:Creme Egg car.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|One of the Cadbury Creme Egg branded promotional vehicles, which were launched in 1988, on display at the [[National Exhibition Centre]], Birmingham, England]]
In 1978, the company acquired [[Peter Paul Candy Manufacturing Company|Peter Paul]], the third largest chocolate manufacturer in the United States for $58 million, which gave it a 10 per cent share of the world's largest confectionery market.<ref name="SmithRowlinson88">{{cite book |first1=Chris |last1=Smith |first2=Michael |last2=Rowlinson |title=Reshaping Work: The Cadbury Experience |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PNc9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA88 |year=1990 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-32304-8 |page=88}}</ref> The successful [[Wispa]] chocolate bar was launched in the North East of England in 1981, and nationwide in 1984.<ref name="SmithRowlinson93">{{cite book |first1=Chris |last1=Smith |first2=Michael |last2=Rowlinson |title=Reshaping Work: The Cadbury Experience |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PNc9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA93 |year=1990 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-32304-8 |page=93}}</ref> In 1982, trading profits were greater outside of Britain than in the UK for the first time.<ref name="Hendry83"/>

In 1986, Cadbury Schweppes sold its Beverages and Foods division to a [[management buyout]] known as [[Premier Brands]] for £97 million.<ref name="Hendry1999">{{cite book |last=Hendry |first=John |title=European Cases in Strategic Management |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XB57PUKmmggC&pg=PA82 |year=1999 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=1-86152-577-X |pages=81–82}}</ref> This saw the company divest itself of such brands as [[Typhoo Tea]], [[Kenco]], [[Smash (instant mashed potato)|Smash]] and [[Hartley's|Hartley Chivers]] jam.<ref name="Hendry1999"/> It also saw Premier take the licence for production of Cadbury brand biscuits and drinking chocolate.<ref name="Hendry1999"/>

[[File:Blue plaque Richard Cadbury.jpg|right|thumb|160px|An [[English Heritage]] [[blue plaque]] commemorating one of the founder's sons Richard Cadbury was installed in [[Edgbaston]], Birmingham in 2002]]
Meanwhile, Schweppes switched its alliance in the UK from Pepsi to Coca-Cola, taking a 51 per cent stake in the joint venture Coca-Cola Schweppes.<ref name="Hendry1999"/> The acquisition of [[Canada Dry]] doubled its worldwide drinks market share, and it took a 30 per cent stake in [[Dr Pepper]].<ref name="Hendry1999"/> As a result of these acquisitions, Cadbury Schweppes became the third largest soft drinks manufacturer in the world.<ref name="Hendry1999"/> In August 1988, the company sold its U.S. confectionery operations to [[The Hershey Company|Hershey's]] for $284.5 million cash plus the assumption of $30 million in debt.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Hershey Company Fact Book 2016 |publisher=The Hershey Company |page=11}}</ref>

In 1992, company chairman Sir [[Adrian Cadbury]] produced the [[Cadbury Report]] (via the Cadbury committee set up by the [[London Stock Exchange]]), a code of best practice which served as a basis for reform of [[corporate governance]] around the world.<ref name="Report"/> In 1993, Cadbury Schweppes acquired [[A&W Root Beer|A&W]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1993/09/10/cadbury-acquires-big-chunk-of-us-soft-drink-market/ | title=Cadbury acquires big chunk of U.S. Soft-drink market | date=10 September 1993 }}</ref> In 1995, Cadbury Schweppes acquired [[Dr Pepper/Seven Up|Dr Pepper/Seven-Up]] Companies.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/27/business/cadbury-to-purchase-dr-pepper.html | title=Cadbury to Purchase Dr Pepper | work=The New York Times | date=27 January 1995 | last1=Collins | first1=Glenn }}</ref> In 1999, Cadbury Schweppes sold its worldwide beverage businesses to [[The Coca-Cola Company]] except in North America and continental Europe for $700 million.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/31/business/company-news-coca-cola-completes-purchase-of-cadbury-unit.html |title=Coca-Cola completes purchase of Cadbury unit |newspaper=The New York Times |date=31 July 1999 |access-date=29 October 2019 |archive-date=29 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029190157/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/31/business/company-news-coca-cola-completes-purchase-of-cadbury-unit.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Snapple]], Mistic and [[Stewart's Fountain Classics|Stewart's]] (formerly Cable Car Beverage) were sold by [[Wendy's/Arby's Group|Triarc]] to Cadbury Schweppes in 2000 for $1.45&nbsp;billion.<ref name="nyt">{{cite news |first=Laura M. |last=Holson |title=Cadbury to Pay $1.45&nbsp; Billion For Snapple |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/18/us/cadbury-to-pay-1.45-billion-for-snapple.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=18 September 2000 |access-date=18 June 2008 |archive-date=13 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513020704/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/18/us/cadbury-to-pay-1.45-billion-for-snapple.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In October of that same year, Cadbury Schweppes purchased [[RC Cola|Royal Crown]] from Triarc.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-3535 |title=Royal Crown Cola Company |access-date=18 June 2008 |encyclopedia=[[New Georgia Encyclopedia]] |date=15 September 2006 |archive-date=12 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012073022/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-3535 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2003, Cadbury Schweppes acquired Adams, the US chewing gum operations of [[Pfizer Inc]]., for $4.2&nbsp;billion, making Cadbury the world's biggest confectionery company.<ref>{{cite news |title=The inside story of the Cadbury takeover |url=https://www.ft.com/content/1e5450d2-2be5-11df-8033-00144feabdc0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/1e5450d2-2be5-11df-8033-00144feabdc0 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=17 May 2019 |agency=Financial Times}}</ref> In 2005, Cadbury Schweppes acquired [[Green & Black's]] for £20 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4543583.stm |title=Cadbury gobbles up organic rival |work=[[BBC News]] |date=13 May 2005 |access-date=15 August 2019 |archive-date=23 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123133800/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4543583.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Schweppes demerger ====
In March 2007, it was revealed that Cadbury Schweppes was planning to split its business into two separate entities: one focusing on its main chocolate and confectionery market; the other on its US drinks business.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6451749.stm |title=Cadbury plans to split business |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410164509/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6451749.stm |archivedate=10 April 2023 |work= [[BBC News]] |date= 14 March 2007}}</ref> The demerger took effect on 2 May 2008, with the drinks business becoming [[Dr Pepper Snapple Group]] and Cadbury Schweppes [[Public limited company|plc]] becoming Cadbury plc.<ref name="demerger">{{cite press release |title=Cadbury plc Demerger |publisher=Cadbury plc |date=7 May 2008 |url=http://www.cadburyinvestors.com/cadbury_ir/shareholder_services/demerger/ |access-date=29 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213192026/http://www.cadburyinvestors.com/cadbury_ir/shareholder_services/demerger |archive-date=13 December 2009}}</ref> In December 2008 it was announced that Cadbury was to sell its Australian beverage unit to [[Asahi Breweries]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Cadbury to sell Australian drinks arm |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0f0371da-d1a5-11dd-bb61-000077b07658.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0f0371da-d1a5-11dd-bb61-000077b07658.html |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=24 December 2008 |access-date=17 March 2009}}</ref>