Editing Cadaver monument (section)

===England===
The earliest known ''transi'' monument is the very faint matrix (i.e. indent) of a now lost monumental brass shrouded demi-effigy on the [[ledger stone]] slab commemorating "John the Smith" (c.1370) at St Bartholomew’s Church in [[Brightwell Baldwin]] in Oxfordshire.<ref>The Brightwell Baldwin slab is discussed by Sally Badham in her essay "Monumental brasses and the Black Death – a reappraisal', ''Antiquaries Journal'', 80 (2000), 225–226.</ref> In the 15th century the sculpted ''transi'' effigy made its appearance in England.<ref>Pamela King examines the phenomenon of English cadaver tombs in her essay "The cadaver tomb in the late fifteenth century: some indications of a Lancastrian connection", in ''Dies Illa: Death in the Middle Ages: Proceedings of the 1983 Manchester Colloquium'', Jane H. M. Taylor, ed.</ref> Cadaver monuments survive in many English [[cathedral]]s and [[parish church]]es. The earliest surviving one is in [[Lincoln Cathedral]], to Bishop [[Richard Fleming (bishop)|Richard Fleming]] who founded [[Lincoln College, Oxford]] and died in 1431. [[Canterbury Cathedral]] houses the well-known cadaver monument to [[Henry Chichele]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (died 1443) and in [[Exeter Cathedral]] survives the 16th-century monument and [[chantry chapel]] of Precentor Sylke, inscribed in Latin: "I am what you will be, and I was what you are. Pray for me I beseech you." [[Winchester Cathedral]] has two cadaver monuments. [[Exeter Cathedral]] has an example.

The cadaver monument traditionally identified as that of [[John Wakeman]], Abbot of Tewkesbury from 1531 to 1539, survives in [[Tewkesbury Abbey]]. Following the [[dissolution of the monasteries]], he retired and later became the first [[Bishop of Gloucester]]. The monument, with vermin crawling on a sculpted skeletal corpse, may have been prepared for him, but his body was in fact buried at [[Forthampton]] in Gloucestershire.

A rarer, modern type is the standing, shrouded effigy type exemplified by the tomb of the poet [[John Donne]] (d. 1631) in the crypt of [[St Paul's Cathedral]] in London.<ref name="auto"/> Similar examples from the Early Modern period signify faith in the [[Resurrection of Jesus|Resurrection]].<ref>Jean Wilson, "Go for Baroque: The Bruce Mausoleum at Maulden, Bedfordshire", ''Church Monuments'', 22 (2007), 66–95.</ref>