Editing Bydgoszcz (section)

===Royal city of Poland===
King [[Casimir III the Great|Casimir III of Poland]] granted Bydgoszcz [[Town privileges|city rights]] (charter) on 19 April 1346.<ref>[[Heinrich Gottfried Philipp Gengler]]:  ''Regesten und Urkunden zur Verfassungs- und Rechtsgeschichte der deutschen Städte im Mittelalter''. Volume I,  Enke, Erlangen 1863, [https://books.google.com/books?id=jzsOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA403 pp. 403–404] and [https://books.google.com/books?id=jzsOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA976 pp. 976–977.]
</ref> The king granted a number of privileges, regarding river trade on the [[Brda (river)|Brda]] and [[Vistula]] and the right to mint coins, and ordered the construction of the castle, which became the seat of the castellan.<ref name=VB>{{cite web|url=https://visitbydgoszcz.pl/pl/poznaj/134-historia-bydgoszczy|title=Historia Bydgoszczy|website=VisitBydgoszcz.pl|access-date=27 October 2019|language=pl}}</ref> Bydgoszcz was an important [[royal city in Poland|royal city of Poland]] located in the [[Inowrocław Voivodeship]].

The city increasingly saw an influx of [[Jew]]s after that date.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}} In 1555, however, due to pressure from the clergy, the Jews were expelled{{citation needed|date=June 2024}} and returned only with their annexation to [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] in 1772.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}} After 1370, Bydgoszcz castle was the favourite residence of the grandson of the king and his would-be successor Duke [[Casimir IV, Duke of Pomerania|Casimir IV]], who died there in 1377.<ref name=VB/> In 1397 thanks to Queen [[Jadwiga of Poland]], a [[Carmelites|Carmelite]] convent was established in the city, the third in Poland after [[Gdańsk]] and [[Kraków]].<ref name=VB/>

[[File:Bydgoszcz, Katedra św. Marcina i Mikołaja w Bydgoszczy.jpg|thumb|left|[[Brick Gothic]] [[Bydgoszcz Cathedral]]]]

During the [[Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War]] in 1409 the city was briefly captured by the Teutonic Knights.<ref name=TB/> In the mid-15th century, during the [[Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)|Thirteen Years' War]], King [[Casimir IV of Poland]] often stayed in Bydgoszcz. At that time, the defensive walls were built<ref name=TB/> and the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] parish church (the present-day [[Bydgoszcz Cathedral]]). The city was developing dynamically thanks to river trade. Bydgoszcz [[pottery]] and beer were popular throughout Poland. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Bydgoszcz was a significant location for [[wheat]] trading, one of the largest in Poland.<ref name=TB/>{{Better source needed|date=June 2024}} The first mention of a school in Bydgoszcz is from 1466.<ref name=TB/>{{Better source needed|date=June 2024}}

In 1480, a Bernardine monastery was established in Bydgoszcz.<ref name=VB/> The Bernardines erected a new Gothic church and founded a library, part of which has survived to this day.<ref name=VB/> A [[Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland]] was held in Bydgoszcz in 1520.<ref>{{cite book|last=Konopczyński|first=Władysław|year=1948|title=Chronologia sejmów polskich 1493–1793|language=pl|location=Kraków|publisher=[[Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences|Polska Akademia Umiejętności]]|page=135}}</ref> In 1522, after a decision taken by the Polish king, a [[salt]] depot was established in Bydgoszcz, the second in the region{{which|date=June 2024}} after [[Toruń]].<ref name=TB/>{{Better source needed|date=June 2024}} In 1594, Stanisław Cikowski founded a private [[Mint (facility)|mint]], which in the early 17th century was transformed into a royal mint, one of the [[Bydgoszcz Mint|leading mints in Poland]].<ref name=VB/>

In 1621, on the occasion of the Polish victory over the [[Ottoman Empire]] at [[Battle of Khotyn (1621)|Chocim]], one of the most valuable and largest coins in the history of Europe was minted in Bydgoszcz – 100 ducats of [[Sigismund III Vasa]].<ref name=VB/> In 1617 the [[Jesuits]] came to the city, and subsequently established a Jesuit college.<ref name=TB/>{{Better source needed|date=June 2024}}

[[File:Bydgoszcz 1657 sztych E Dalhberga.jpg|left|thumb|Panorama of Bydgoszcz in 1657 by [[Erik Dahlbergh]] at the time of Swedish occupation.]]
During the year of 1629, shortly before the end of the [[Polish–Swedish War (1626–29)|Polish-Swedish War of 1626–29]], the town was conquered by Swedish troops led by king [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden|Gustav II Adolph]] of [[Kingdom of Sweden|Sweden]] personally. During this war, the town suffered destruction.<ref>Ludwig Kühnast: ''Historische Nachrichten über die Stadt Bromberg – Von der Gründung der Stadt bis zur preußischen Besitznahme''. Bromberg Berlin Posen 1837,  [https://books.google.com/books?id=6tkAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA64 pp 64–68].</ref> The town was conquered a second and third time by Sweden in 1656 and 1657 during the [[Second Northern War]]. On the latter occasion, the castle was destroyed completely and has since remained a ruin. After the war only 94 houses were inhabited, 103 stood empty and 35 had burned down. The suburbs had also been considerably damaged.<ref>Ludwig Kühnast (1837), [https://books.google.com/books?id=6tkAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA112 pp. 112–117].</ref>

The [[Treaty of Bromberg]], agreed in 1657 by King [[John II Casimir Vasa]] of [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Poland]] and Elector [[Frederick William II of Prussia|Frederick William II]] of [[Brandenburg-Prussia]], created a military alliance between Poland and Prussia while marking the withdrawal of Prussia from its alliance with Sweden.

After the [[Convocation Sejm (1764)|Convocation Sejm of 1764]], Bydgoszcz became one of three seats of the [[Crown Tribunal]] for the [[Greater Poland Province of the Polish Crown]] alongside [[Poznań]] and [[Piotrków Trybunalski]].<ref name=TB/>{{Better source needed|date=June 2024}} In 1766 royal cartographer [[Franciszek Florian Czaki]], during a meeting of the Committee of the Crown Treasury in [[Warsaw]], proposed a plan of building a canal, which would connect the Vistula via the Brda with the [[Noteć]] river. [[Józef Wybicki]], Polish jurist and political activist best known as the author of the lyrics of the [[Poland Is Not Yet Lost|national anthem of Poland]], worked at the Crown Tribunal in Bydgoszcz.<ref name=kd>{{cite web|url=https://tygodnikbydgoski.pl/historia/rocznica-smierci-jozefa-wybickiego-razem-z-generalem-dabrowskim-wyzwalal-bydgoszcz|title=Rocznica śmierci Józefa Wybickiego. Razem z generałem Dąbrowskim wyzwalał Bydgoszcz|author=Krzysztof Drozdowski|website=Tygodnik Bydgoski|access-date=7 September 2021|language=pl}}</ref>