Editing Bud Powell (section)

=== 1945–1948: Hospitalizations ===
[[File:Creedmore Psych Cen jeh.jpg|thumb|Creedmoor State Hospital]]
After a performance with Williams's band, Powell wandered near [[Broad Street Station (Philadelphia)|Broad Street Station]] and was apprehended, drunk, by the private railroad police. He was beaten up by them and incarcerated briefly by the city police,<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 7, 2015 |title=Jazz Pianist Bud Powell & His Guardian Angel |url=https://www.kcrw.com/music/articles/jazz-pianist-bud-powell-his-guardian-angel |access-date=December 2, 2023 |website=KCRW |language=en}}</ref> but as his headaches persisted, he moved to his family's second home in [[Willow Grove, Pennsylvania]].<ref name=":11" /> He suffered constant pain from his head wounds and turned to alcohol to relieve the pain, as a result, developing an addiction that would haunt him for the rest of his life. After attempts by Powell's mother and his girlfriend Frances Barnes to treat his severe headaches, he admitted himself to [[Bellevue Hospital]].{{Sfn|Paudras|1998|p=2}}<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Bud Powell: The Agony and the Ecstacy |url=https://www.jazzwise.com/features/article/bud-powell-the-agony-and-the-ecstacy |access-date=November 22, 2023 |website=Jazzwise |language=en}}</ref>

Following medical evaluation at Bellevue, he was transferred to [[Creedmoor Psychiatric Center|Creedmoor State Hospital]] and was institutionalized<ref name=":4" /> with alcoholics, drug addicts, and permanently institutionalized residents.{{Sfn|Paudras|1998|p=3}} Fellow pianist and composer [[Elmo Hope]], who visited Powell regularly while he was hospitalized, became concerned by Creedmoor's forced administration of [[Sedative|tranquilizers]] and sleeping pills and their negative impact upon Powell's health. Hope arranged for his medical care to be transferred to a jazz aficionado who let him play piano regularly and even perform a concert to show his lucidity.{{Sfn|Paudras|1998|pp=4–5}} After the concert, he was released and resumed playing in Manhattan.<ref name=":4" />

In 1945–1946 Powell recorded with [[Frank Socolow]], [[Sarah Vaughan]], [[Dexter Gordon]], [[J. J. Johnson]], [[Sonny Stitt]], [[Fats Navarro]], and [[Kenny Clarke]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.jazzdisco.org/bud-powell/discography/|title=Bud Powell Discography|website=Jazzdisco.org |access-date=April 22, 2017 }}</ref> Powell became known for his [[sight-reading]] and his skill at fast tempos.<ref name=":1" /> In an incident in 1945, Monk falsely confessed to using drugs Powell had used in order to protect his friend from losing his [[New York City Cabaret Card|cabaret card]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=September 28, 2017 |title=Bud Powell Revisited |url=https://www.nepm.org/jazz-world/2017-09-27/bud-powell-revisited |access-date=December 2, 2023 |website=New England Public Media |language=en}}</ref>

In January 1947, Powell recorded the first volume of his 10" album ''[[Bud Powell Trio]]'' for [[Roost Records]] with [[Curley Russell]] and [[Max Roach]]; both musicians would play in his trio regularly during succeeding years.<ref name=":1" /> Charlie Parker chose Powell to be his pianist on a May 1947 quintet recording session with [[Miles Davis]], [[Tommy Potter]], and [[Max Roach]]; this was the only studio session intended for release in which Parker and Powell played together.<ref name=":2">{{cite book|last=Ramsey|first=Guthrie P. |title=The Amazing Bud Powell: Black Genius, Jazz History, and the Challenge of Bebop |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g1YYaqWNehUC&pg=PA75 |access-date=March 29, 2019 |date=May 28, 2013 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-24391-0 |page=75}}</ref> The two did reunite, however, in late 1947 with fellow saxophone player [[Allen Eager]] at Milton Greene's studio for an informal recorded [[jam session]] that was released under Eager's name.<ref name=":1" />

In November 1947, Powell had an altercation with a customer at a bar in Harlem. In the ensuing fight, Powell was hit over his eye with a bottle. He was taken to Harlem Hospital, where he was found to be "incoherent and rambunctious", and so was moved to Bellevue, which had a record of his previous confinement there and at a psychiatric hospital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.beachamjournal.com/p/bebop-jazz-pianist-bud-powell-was|title=Bebop jazz pianist Bud Powell was born 99 years ago today|first=Frank|last=Beacham|website=www.beachamjournal.com}}</ref> He spent eleven months at Creedmore.<ref name="Gitler 1966 p=112" /> Attempts to tell hospital staff he was a pianist who had "made records" led to his dismissal as a [[Fantasy (psychology)|fantasist]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bud Powell |url=https://www.jazzwise.com/artists/article/bud-powell |access-date=November 25, 2023 |website=Jazzwise |language=en}}</ref> and in psychiatric interviews, he expressed feelings of persecution founded in [[Racism in the United States|racism]].<ref name="Dyer2014">{{cite book|author=Geoff Dyer|title=But Beautiful: A Book About Jazz|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I_eyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA219|date=June 24, 2014|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|isbn=978-1-4668-6985-1|page=219}}</ref> He received [[electroconvulsive therapy]] while institutionalized, but was released after eleven months.<ref name="Gitler 1966 p=112" /><ref name=":8" /> [[Jackie McLean]], a young alto saxophone player who admired the pianist's ability and helped protect him,<ref name=":4" /> befriended Powell around 1947.<ref name="Gitler 1966 p=112" />

Powell may have been religious at this time; in a 1947 letter to fellow pianist and Catholic [[Mary Lou Williams]], he lamented the challenges of his early life but felt that "God had used a spy" that "lifted me out of the depth of shame."{{Sfn|Paudras|1998|p=178}} He became increasingly frustrated with life as a musician because he felt that he was being hired to play dinner music by white audiences that did not appreciate his talent.{{Sfn|Pullman|1994|pp=68–69}} However, he remained known in musical circles as his mother had an apartment where she allowed musicians to stay. Hotels where Black musicians could stay were still in short supply, even in New York.{{Sfn|Pullman|1994|p=75}}

Powell's only daughter, Celia, was born in 1948; Powell named one of his compositions after her. Following her father's death in 1966 she worked as a movie consultant for ''[[Round Midnight (film)|Round Midnight]]''{{Sfn|Pullman|1994|pp=92–93}} and founded the [[Mythic Sound]] record label.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Cook |first1=Richard |title=[[The Penguin Guide to Jazz]] |last2=Morton |first2=Brian |date=1994 |publisher=Penguin |pages=1063}}</ref>