Editing Bournemouth (section)

====Rise of beach culture====
Anticipating that people would come to the area to indulge in the newly fashionable pastime of [[sea-bathing]], an activity with perceived health benefits, Tregonwell built a series of [[villa]]s on his land between 1816 and 1822, which he hoped to let out.<ref name=AA6>Ashley & Ashley (p.6)</ref><ref name=EE28>Edwards (p.28)</ref> The common belief that pine-scented air was good for lung conditions, and in particular [[tuberculosis]], prompted Tregonwell and Tapps to plant hundreds of [[pine trees]]. These early attempts to promote the town as a health resort meant that by the time Tregonwell died in 1832, Bournemouth had grown into a small community with a scattering of houses, villas and cottages.<ref name=AA6/><ref name=Jubilee3/> The town would ultimately grow up around the scattered pines and tree-lined walk to the beach, later to become known as the Invalids' Walk.<ref name="EE31-32">Edwards (pp.31–32)</ref><ref name=AA17>Ashley & Ashley (p.17)</ref>

After the death of Tapps in 1835, his son Sir [[George William Tapps-Gervis]] inherited his father's estate. He hired the young local architect [[Benjamin Ferrey]] to develop [[Bournemouth Gardens, England|Bournemouth Gardens]] along the coastal area on the east side of the stream.<ref name=E16>Emery (p.16)</ref> Bournemouth's first hotel, later to become part of the [[Royal Bath Hotel]], opened in 1838 and is one of the few buildings designed by Ferrey still standing<ref name=Jubilee3>{{cite web|url=http://www.bournemouth.gov.uk/NewsEvents/SpotlightFeatures/SupportingContent/BournemouthBrouchure08.pdf |title=Bournemouth, Garden by the Sea |work=Diamond Jubilee Civic Honours Bid |page=3 |date=May 2011 |publisher=Bournemouth County Council |access-date=9 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620195158/http://www.bournemouth.gov.uk/NewsEvents/SpotlightFeatures/SupportingContent/BournemouthBrouchure08.pdf |archive-date=20 June 2013 }}</ref><ref name=E16/> and operating. Bournemouth grew at a faster rate as Tapps-Gervis began developing the area similarly to the south coast resorts of [[Weymouth, Dorset|Weymouth]] and [[Brighton]]. Despite enormous investment, the town's share of the market remained modest.<ref name="EE31-32"/> In 1841 Tapps-Gervis invited the physician and writer [[Augustus Granville]] to stay. Granville was the author of ''The Spas of England'', which described health resorts around the country, and as a result of his visit, he included a chapter on Bournemouth in the second edition of his book.<ref name=":0" /> The publication of the book, and the increase in visitors seeking the medicinal use of seawater and the pine-scented air, helped the town to grow and establish itself as an early tourist destination.<ref name="EE38-40">Edwards (pp.38–40)</ref><ref name="AA10-11">Ashley & Ashley (pp.10–11)</ref>

In the 1840s Benjamin Ferrey was replaced by [[Decimus Burton]], whose plans for Bournemouth included the construction of [[Bournemouth Gardens, England|Bournemouth Gardens]] alongside the [[River Bourne, Dorset|Bourne stream]], an idea first mooted by Granville. The fields south of the road crossing (later [[Bournemouth Square]]) were drained and laid out with shrubberies and walks. Many of these paths, including the Invalids' Walk, remain in the town today.<ref name="AA10-11"/><ref name="EE70-71">Edwards (pp.70–71)</ref> A second suggestion of Granville's, a sanatorium, was completed in 1855 and greatly raised Bournemouth's profile as a place for recuperation.<ref>Emery (p.21)</ref>
[[File:An illustrated and descriptive guide to the great railways of England and their connections with the Continent (1885) (14573968419).jpg|thumb|left|A view of Bournemouth showing the temporary wooden jetty that was replaced by an iron pier in 1880.]]
At a time when the most convenient way to arrive in the town was by sea, a [[pier]] was considered to be a necessity. The Holdenhurst parish [[vestry]] was reluctant to find the money, and an attempt to raise funds privately in 1847 had only succeeded in financing a small {{convert|100|ft|m|adj=on}} jetty.<ref name=E24>Emery (p.24)</ref> The [[Bournemouth Improvement Act 1856]] ([[19 & 20 Vict.]] c. xc) granted greater financial autonomy to the town and a pier was approved that year. A number of wooden structures were built before an {{convert|838|ft|m}} cast iron design by [[Eugenius Birch]] was completed in 1880.<ref name=E24/><ref name=NPS2>{{cite web| year = 2012| url = http://piers.org.uk/pierpages/NPSbournemouth.html| title = History of Bournemouth Pier| publisher = National Piers Society| access-date = 12 October 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120113130809/http://www.piers.org.uk/pierpages/NPSbournemouth.html| archive-date = 13 January 2012| url-status = dead}}</ref> Under the Act, a board of 13 Commissioners was established to build and organise the expanding infrastructure of the town, such as paving, sewers, drainage, street lighting and street cleaning.<ref name=AA28>Ashley and Ashley (p.28)</ref>

[[File:Entrance to the pier, Bournemouth, England, 1890s.jpg|thumb|[[Photochrom]] of the entrance to the pier, 1890s]]