Editing Boston University (section)

====Student and faculty activism====
[[File:BACK PAGE BU Exposure 1978-03-00.jpg|thumb|''BU Exposure'' in March 1978]]
To protest the poor condition of Boston University's African-American curriculum, on April 25, 1968 (three weeks after the [[assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.]]), African-American students conducted a [[sit-in]] and locked BU President [[Arland F. Christ-Janer]] out of his office for 12 hours.<ref name="Waters 1968">{{Cite news |last=Waters |first=Bertram |date=May 5, 1968 |title=Science Medicine Education: 'Reason' Won' at Sit-in, Says B.U. President |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/366547855 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331212302/https://www.proquest.com/docview/366547855 |archive-date=March 31, 2022 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |page=1 |type=Historical Newspapers |via=ProQuest |id={{ProQuest|366547855}}}}</ref> Umoja, BU's Black Student Union, put forward ten demands to Christ-Janer and got nine of them approved that included the creation of a Martin Luther King Chair of Social Ethics, expansion of African-American library resources and tutoring services, opening an "Afro-American coordinating center," admission and selection of more Black students and faculty. No disciplinary action was taken against the students who only opened the chains after their demands were met. "There was no surprise, or feeling of victory on the students' parts," said Christ-Janer in response to the sit-in. "They had confidence in their demands, and I had a confidence in them. The university, black and white alike, was the winner."<ref name="Waters 1968" />
The late twentieth century saw a culmination in student activism at Boston University during the presidency of [[John Silber|John R. Silber]].

In 1972, student protests rose against the university administration's endorsement of [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]] recruitment on campus which faced significant opposition from the [[Students for a Democratic Society|Student Democratic Society]].<ref name="Rosenbloom 1972">{{Cite news |last=Rosenbloom |first=Joseph |date=March 28, 1972 |title=33 protesters arrested at BU career office |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/375333303 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414112752/https://www.proquest.com/docview/375333303 |archive-date=April 14, 2021 |access-date=September 29, 2020 |work=Boston Globe (1960–1988); Boston, Mass. |page=1 |type=Historical Newspapers |via=ProQuest |id={{ProQuest|375333303}}}}</ref>

On March 27, 1972, 50 police officers in "riot gear" defused a demonstration of 150 protesters at 195 Bay State Road, the BU Placement Office, where Marine recruiters were holding student interviews. A few protesters were arrested while some sustained minor injuries, including a student and two officers. Contrary to student claims of a peaceful protest, Silber said, "Civilization doesn't abdicate in face of barbarism. Those students or nonstudents who deliberately seek violent confrontation and refuse all efforts at peaceful resolution of issues must expect society to use its police power in its own defense." In response to Silber's decision of a forceful police intervention, the Faculty State conducted a vote on Silber's resignation which could not pass due to a "vote of 140–25 with 32 abstentions."<ref name="Rosenbloom 1972" /> As a result of this failed motion, Peter P. Gabriel resigned his position as the dean of [[Questrom School of Business|Boston University's School of Management]] in protest of Silber's presidency and his "counterproductive" leadership.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McCain |first=Nina |date=May 6, 1976 |title=BU dean resigns to protest trustees' approval of Silber |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/657914676 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331212334/https://www.proquest.com/docview/657914676 |archive-date=March 31, 2022 |access-date=September 29, 2020 |work=Boston Globe (1960–1988); Boston, Mass. |type=Historical Newspapers |via=ProQuest |id={{ProQuest|657914676}}}}</ref> Silber's support of military recruitment on campus, which he pushed to make the university eligible for Federal grants,<ref name="Cullen 1978">{{Cite news |last=Cullen |first=John |date=March 17, 1978 |title=Tuition protest turns ugly, students trap 50 at BU |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/757677881 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414112751/https://www.proquest.com/docview/757677881 |archive-date=April 14, 2021 |access-date=September 29, 2020 |work=Boston Globe (1960–1988); Boston, Mass. |page=1 |type=Historical Newspapers |via=ProQuest |id={{ProQuest|757677881}}}}</ref> caused other demonstrations. On December 5, 1972, fifteen BU Student Government officers started a three-day hunger strike at [[Marsh Chapel]] demanding Silber "to file a lawsuit against the Federal government challenging the constitutionality of the Herbert Amendment."<ref>{{Cite web |title=B.U. Protesters Begin Hunger Strike In Effort to Stop Military Recruitment |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1972/12/5/bu-protesters-begin-hunger-strike-in/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818180411/https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1972/12/5/bu-protesters-begin-hunger-strike-in/ |archive-date=August 18, 2021 |access-date=September 29, 2020 |website=The Harvard Crimson}}</ref>

On March 16, 1978, about 900 Boston University students gathered at the [[George Sherman Union]] to protest against the $400 rise in tuition and $150 rise in housing charges declared by the trustees on March 7.<ref name="Cullen 1978" /> The protest interrupted a board of trustees conference. While John Silber and Arthur G. B. Metcalf, chairman of the board of trustees, were negotiating with student government representatives to discuss the matter further on a separate occasion, the protesters marched into the building from two entrances, effectively trapping 40 trustees and 10 university administrators in the building for over thirty minutes. Twenty officers from the [[Boston University Police Department]] had to disperse the crowd from the stairwells. The protest resulted in the arrest of 19 year old Joshua Grossman, while another student and two BUPD officers were taken to hospitals.<ref name="Cullen 1978" />

On April 5, 1979, several hundred faculty members, as well as clerical workers and librarians, [[1979 Boston University strike|went on strike]]. The faculty members were seeking a labor contract while the clerical workers and librarians were seeking union recognition. The strike ended by mid-April under terms favorable to the employees.

On November 27, 1979, the committee to Defend Iranian Students—composed of Iranian students, Youths Against Foreign Fascism and the Revolutionary Communist Party—held a demonstration at the George Sherman Union against the [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi|deposed Shah of Iran]] and the deportation of Iranian students from the US. "To the Iranian people, that man (the shah) is Adolf Hitler," students protested. "The Shah Must Face the Wrath of the People." This was met with chants of "God Bless America" from the opposing group. Twenty policemen broke up the confronting parties though no arrests were made.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rivas |first=Maggie |date=November 28, 1979 |title=Iran Rallies at BU Clash: UMass-Amherst Asks Iranians to Interviews |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/747170454 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414112748/https://www.proquest.com/docview/747170454 |archive-date=April 14, 2021 |access-date=September 29, 2020 |work=Boston Globe (1960–1988); Boston, Mass. |page=9 |type=Historical Newspapers |via=ProQuest |id={{ProQuest|747170454}}}}</ref>