Editing Boris Godunov (opera) (section)

===Performance history===
''Note: This section lists performance data for the Saint Petersburg and Moscow premieres of each important version, the first performance of each version abroad, and premieres in English-speaking countries. Dates provided for events taking place in Russia before 1918 are [[Adoption of the Gregorian calendar#Adoption in Eastern Europe|Old Style]].''

'''Original interpreters'''
{{Gallery
|title=
|footer=
|width=140
|File:Varlaam and Misail.jpg|{{center|Petrov and Dyuzhikov<br />as Varlaam and Misail}}
|File:Melnikov as Boris 2.jpg|{{center|Ivan Melnikov<br />as Tsar Boris}}
|File:Platonova as Marina 2.jpg|{{center|Paleček and Platonova<br />as Rangoni and Marina}}
|File:Komissarzhevsky as Pretender.jpg|{{center|Fyodor Komissarzhevsky<br />as the Pretender}}
}}

'''1872, Saint Petersburg – Excerpts'''

The Coronation Scene was performed on 5 February 1872 by the Russian Music Society, conducted by [[Eduard Nápravník]]. The Polonaise from Act 3 was performed (without chorus) on 3 April 1872 by the Free School of Music, conducted by [[Mily Balakirev|Miliy Balakirev]].<ref>Calvocoressi, Abraham (1974: p. 39</ref>

'''1873, Saint Petersburg – Three scenes'''

Three scenes from the opera—the Inn Scene, the Scene in Marina's Boudoir, and the Fountain Scene—were performed on 5 February 1873 at the Mariinsky Theatre. Eduard Nápravník conducted.<ref name="Calvocoressi, Abraham p. 42">Calvocoressi, Abraham (1974: p. 42)</ref> The cast included Darya Leonova (Innkeeper), [[Fyodor Petrovich Komissarzhevsky|Fyodor Komissarzhevsky]] (Pretender), [[Osip Petrov]] (Varlaam), Vasiliy Vasilyev (or 'Vasilyev II') (Misail), [[Mikhail Sariotti]] (Police Officer), Yuliya Platonova (Marina), Josef Paleček (Rangoni), and Feliks Krzesiński (Old Polish Noble).<ref>Musorgskiy (1984: p. 323)</ref>

[[File:Shishkov - Call to the Throne.jpg|thumb|200px|'The House of Boris', design by Matvey Shishkov (1870)]]

'''1874, Saint Petersburg – World premiere'''

The Revised Version of 1872 received its world premiere on 27 January 1874 at the [[Mariinsky Theatre]]. The Cell Scene was omitted. The Novodevichiy and Coronation scenes were combined into one continuous scene: 'The Call of Boris to the Tsardom'. Matvey Shishkov's design for the last scene of Pushkin's drama, 'The House of Boris' (see illustration, right), was substituted for this hybrid of the Novodevichiy and Coronation scenes.<ref>Emerson, Oldani (1994: p. 100)</ref> The scenes were grouped in five acts as follows:<ref>Shirinyan (1989: p. 56)</ref>

:Act 1: 'The Call of Boris to the Tsardom' and 'Inn'
:Act 2: 'With Tsar Boris'
:Act 3: 'Marina's Boudoir' and 'At the Fountain'
:Act 4: 'The Death of Boris'
:Act 5: 'The Pretender near Kromï'

Production personnel included Gennadiy Kondratyev (stage director), Ivan Pomazansky (chorus master), Matvey Shishkov, Mikhail Bocharov, and Ivan Andreyev (scene designers), and Vasiliy Prokhorov (costume designer). Eduard Nápravník conducted. The cast included [[Ivan Melnikov (singer)|Ivan Melnikov]] (Boris), Aleksandra Krutikova (Fyodor), Wilhelmina Raab (Kseniya), Olga Shryoder (nurse), Vasiliy Vasilyev, 'Vasilyev II' (Shuysky), Vladimir Sobolev (Shchelkalov), Vladimir Vasilyev, 'Vasilyev I' (Pimen, Lawicki), [[Fyodor Petrovich Komissarzhevsky|Fyodor Komissarzhevsky]] (Pretender), Yuliya Platonova (Marina), Josef Paleček (Rangoni), [[Osip Petrov]] (Varlaam), Pavel Dyuzhikov (Misail), [[Antonina Abarinova]] (Innkeeper), Pavel Bulakhov (Yuródivïy), Mikhail Sariotti (Nikitich), Lyadov (Mityukha), Sobolev (Boyar-in-Attendance), Matveyev (Khrushchov), and Sobolev (Czernikowski). The production ran for 26 performances over 9 years.<ref name="Pruzhansky">Pruzhansky</ref>

The premiere established traditions that have influenced subsequent Russian productions (and many abroad as well): 1) Cuts made to shorten what is perceived as an overlong work; 2) Declamatory and histrionic singing by the title character, often degenerating in climactic moments into shouting (initiated by Ivan Melnikov, and later reinforced by Fyodor Shalyapin); and 3) Realistic and historically accurate sets and costumes, employing very little stylization.<ref>Emerson, Oldani (1994: p. 91)</ref>

'''1879, Saint Petersburg – Cell Scene'''

The Cell Scene (Revised Version) was first performed on 16 January 1879 in Kononov Hall, at a concert of the Free School of Music, in the presence of Mussorgsky.<ref>Lloyd-Jones (1975: p. 20)</ref> Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov conducted. The cast included Vladimir Vasilyev, "Vasilyev I" (Pimen), and Vasiliy Vasilyev, 'Vasilyev II' (Pretender).<ref>Rimsky-Korsakov (1923: p. 211)</ref><ref>Orlova (1991: p. 141)</ref>

'''1888, Moscow – Bolshoy Theatre premiere'''

The Revised Version of 1872 received its Moscow premiere on 16 December 1888 at the [[Bolshoy Theatre]]. The Cell and Kromï scenes were omitted. Production personnel included Anton Bartsal (stage director), and Karl Valts (scene designer). [[Ippolit Al'tani|Ippolit Altani]] conducted. The cast included [[Bogomir Korsov]] (Boris), Nadezhda Salina (Fyodor), Aleksandra Karatayeva (Kseniya), O. Pavlova (Nurse), Anton Bartsal (Shuysky), Pyotr Figurov (Shchelkalov), Ivan Butenko (Pimen), Lavrentiy Donskoy (Pretender), Mariya Klimentova (Marina), Pavel Borisov (Rangoni), Vladimir Streletsky (Varlaam), Mikhail Mikhaylov (Misail), Vera Gnucheva (Innkeeper), and [[Alexander Dodonov|Aleksandr Dodonov]] (Boyar-in-attendance). The production ran for 10 performances.<ref name="Pruzhansky" /><ref>Shirinyan (1989: p. 105)</ref>

'''1896, Saint Petersburg – Premiere of the Rimsky-Korsakov edition'''

The Rimsky-Korsakov edition premiered on 28 November 1896 in the Great Hall of the [[Saint Petersburg Conservatory]]. Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov conducted. The cast included [[Mikhail Lunacharsky]] (Boris), [[Gavriil Morskoy]] (Pretender), [[Nikolay Kedrov, Sr.|Nikolay Kedrov]] (Rangoni), and [[Fyodor Stravinsky]] (Varlaam). The production ran for 4 performances.<ref name="Pruzhansky" />

[[File:Shalyapin Boris 1898.jpg|thumb|100px|Shalyapin as Boris (1898)]]
'''1898, Moscow – Fyodor Shalyapin as Boris'''

Bass [[Fyodor Shalyapin]] first appeared as Boris on 7 December 1898 at the [[Private Opera|Solodovnikov Theatre]] in a Private Russian Opera production. The Rimsky-Korsakov edition of 1896 was performed. Production personnel included [[Savva Mamontov]] (producer), and Mikhail Lentovsky (stage director). [[Giuseppe Truffi]] conducted. The cast also included [[Anton Sekar-Rozhansky]] (Pretender), Serafima Selyuk-Roznatovskaya (Marina), [[Varvara Strakhova]] (Fyodor), and [[Vasily Shkafer|Vasiliy Shkafer]] (Shuysky). The production ran for 14 performances.<ref name="Pruzhansky" />

'''1908, Paris – First performance outside Russia'''

The Rimsky-Korsakov edition of 1908 premiered on 19 May 1908 at the [[Paris Opéra]]. The Cell Scene preceded the Coronation Scene, the Inn Scene and the Scene in Marina's Boudoir were omitted, the Fountain Scene preceded the Terem Scene, and the Kromï Scene preceded the Death Scene. Production personnel included [[Sergei Diaghilev|Sergey Dyagilev]] (producer), [[Alexander Sanin|Aleksandr Sanin]] (stage director), [[Aleksandr Golovin (artist)|Aleksandr Golovin]], [[Konstantin Yuon]], [[Alexandre Benois|Aleksandr Benua]], and [[Eugene Lanceray|Yevgeniy Lansere]] (scene designers), Ulrikh Avranek (chorusmaster), and [[Ivan Bilibin]] (costume designer). [[Felix Blumenfeld|Feliks Blumenfeld]] conducted. The cast included [[Feodor Chaliapin|Fyodor Shalyapin]] (Boris), Klavdiya Tugarinova (Fyodor), Dagmara Renina (Kseniya), Yelizaveta Petrenko (Nurse), Ivan Alchevsky (Shuysky), [[Nikolay Kedrov, Sr.|Nikolay Kedrov]] (Shchelkalov), [[Vladimir Kastorsky]] (Pimen), [[Dmitri Smirnov (tenor)|Dmitri Smirnov]] (Pretender), [[Nataliya Yermolenko-Yuzhina]] (Marina), Vasiliy Sharonov (Varlaam), Vasiliy Doverin-Kravchenko (Misail), Mitrofan Chuprïnnikov (Yuródivïy), and Khristofor Tolkachev (Nikitich).<ref name="Pruzhansky" /> The production ran for 7 performances.<ref>Emerson, Oldani (1994: p. 119)</ref>

[[File:Didurboris.jpg|thumb|100px|Didur as Boris (1913)]]
'''1913, New York – United States premiere'''
[[File:Boris Godunoff at Metropolitan Opera NY Dec 7, 1922.jpg|thumb|left|Cast of a performance of ''Boris Godunoff'' (sung in Italian) at the Metropolitan Opera, 7 December 1922]]
The United States premiere of the 1908 Rimsky-Korsakov edition took place on 19 March 1913 at the [[Metropolitan Opera House (39th Street)|Metropolitan Opera]], and was based on [[Sergei Diaghilev|Sergey Dyagilev]]'s Paris production. The opera was presented in three acts. The Cell Scene preceded the Coronation Scene, the scene in Marina's Boudoir was omitted, and the Kromï Scene preceded the Death Scene. However, the Inn Scene, which was omitted in Paris, was included. Scenery and costume designs were the same as used in Paris in 1908—made in Russia by Golovin, [[Alexandre Benois|Benua]], and [[Ivan Bilibin|Bilibin]], and shipped from Paris. [[Arturo Toscanini]] conducted. The cast included [[Adamo Didur]] (Boris), [[Anna Case]] (Fyodor), [[Leonora Sparkes]] (Kseniya), [[Maria Duchêne]] (Nurse), [[Angelo Badà]] (Shuysky), [[Vincenzo Reschiglian]] (Shchelkalov, Lawicki), [[Jeanne Maubourg]] (Innkeeper), [[Léon Rothier]] (Pimen), [[Paul Althouse]] (Pretender), [[Louise Homer]] (Marina), [[Andrés de Segurola]] (Varlaam), Pietro Audisio (Misail), [[Albert Reiss]] (Yuródivïy), Giulio Rossi (Nikitich), Leopoldo Mariani (Boyar-in-Attendance), and Louis Kreidler (Czernikowski).<ref>Metropolitan Opera Archives</ref> This performance was sung in Italian.

[[File:Chaliapin F. (Шаляпин Ф. И.) 1913 as Boris Godunov.jpg|thumb|100px|Shalyapin as Boris (1913)]]
'''1913, London – United Kingdom premiere'''

The United Kingdom premiere of the 1908 Rimsky-Korsakov edition took place on 24 June 1913 at the [[Theatre Royal, Drury Lane]] in London. Production personnel included [[Sergei Diaghilev|Sergey Dyagilev]] (producer) and [[Alexander Sanin|Aleksandr Sanin]] (stage director). [[Emil Cooper]] conducted. The cast included [[Fyodor Shalyapin]] (Boris), Mariya Davïdova (Fyodor), Mariya Brian (Kseniya), Yelizaveta Petrenko (Nurse, Innkeeper), Nikolay Andreyev (Shuysky), A.&nbsp;Dogonadze (Shchelkalov), Pavel Andreyev (Pimen), Vasiliy Damayev (Pretender), Yelena Nikolayeva (Marina), Aleksandr Belyanin (Varlaam), Nikolay Bolshakov (Misail), Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (Yuródivïy), and Kapiton Zaporozhets (Nikitich).<ref name="Pruzhansky" />

'''1927, Moscow – St. Basil's Scene'''

The newly published St. Basil's Scene was performed on 18 January 1927 at the [[Bolshoy Theatre]] in the 1926 revision by [[Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov]], commissioned in 1925 to accompany the Rimsky-Korsakov edition. Production personnel included Vladimir Lossky (stage director) and [[Fyodor Fedorovsky]] (scene designer). [[Ariy Pazovsky]] conducted. The cast included [[Ivan Kozlovsky]] (Yuródivïy), and Leonid Savransky (Boris).<ref>Shirinyan (1989: pp. 134–135)</ref> The production ran for 144 performances.<ref name="Pruzhansky"/>

[[File:Boris Godunov Novodevichy Dmitriev 1928.jpg|thumb|150px|Novodevichiy Scene. Design by Vladimir Dmitriev (1928)]]
'''1928, Leningrad – World premiere of the 1869 Original Version'''

The Original Version of 1869 premiered on 16 February 1928 at the [[Mariinsky Theatre|State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet]]. Production personnel included Sergey Radlov (stage director), and Vladimir Dmitriyev (scene designer). Vladimir Dranishnikov conducted. The cast included [[Mark Reizen|Mark Reyzen]] (Boris), Aleksandr Kabanov (Shuysky), Ivan Pleshakov (Pimen), Nikolay Pechkovsky (Pretender), Pavel Zhuravlenko (Varlaam), Yekaterina Sabinina (Innkeeper), and V. Tikhiy (Yuródivïy).<ref name="Pruzhansky" />

'''1935, London – First performance of the 1869 Original Version outside Russia'''

The first performance of the 1869 Original Version abroad took place on 30 September 1935 at the [[Sadler's Wells Theatre]]. The opera was sung in English. [[Lawrance Collingwood]] conducted. The cast included Ronald Stear (Boris).<ref>Oldani (1982: pp. 37, 49)</ref>

'''1959, Leningrad – First performance of the Shostakovich orchestration'''

The premiere of the Shostakovich orchestration of 1940 of [[Pavel Lamm]]'s vocal score took place on 4 November 1959 at the [[Mariinsky Theatre|Kirov Theatre]]. Sergey Yeltsin conducted. The cast included [[Boris Shtokolov]] (Boris).

'''1974, New York – First Russian Language Performance in the United States'''

On 16 December 1974, an adapted version of the original Mussorgsky orchestration was used for this New production, with [[Martti Talvela]] performing the title role by the [[Metropolitan Opera]], which was also the first performance of Boris Godunov in [[Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center)|the new Lincoln Center building]] since its opening in 1966.