Editing Boeing 757 (section)

===Production and testing===
Boeing built a final assembly line in Washington at its [[Boeing Renton Factory|Renton factory]],<ref>{{harvnb|Birtles|2001|p=32.}}</ref> home of 707, 727, and 737 production, to produce the 757.<ref name="intro13">{{harvnb|Velupillai|1982|pp=13, 20.}}</ref> Early in the development program, Boeing, [[British Airways]], and Rolls-Royce unsuccessfully lobbied the British aircraft industry to manufacture 757 wings.<ref name=eden98/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramsden |first=J. M. |date=April 29, 1978 |title=Europe's Jet v. Boeing's 757 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1978/1978%20-%200723.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507102427/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1978/1978%20-%200723.html |archive-date=May 7, 2013 |access-date=June 20, 2012 |website=Flight International}}</ref> Ultimately, about half of the aircraft's components, including the wings, nose section, and [[empennage]], were produced in-house at Boeing facilities with the remainder subcontracted to primarily U.S.-based companies.<ref name="intro20">{{harvnb|Velupillai|1982|p=20.}}</ref> [[Fairchild Aircraft]] made the [[leading edge slat]]s, [[Grumman]] supplied the [[Flap (aircraft)|flaps]], and [[Rockwell International]] produced the main fuselage.<ref name=intro20/> Production ramp-up for the new narrow-body airliner coincided with the winding-down of the 727 program,<ref name=intro20/> and final assembly of the first aircraft began in January 1981.<ref name=intro19/>

[[File:British Airways Boeing 757-200 Marmet.jpg|thumb|[[British Airways]] was one of the first customers for the RB211-powered 757.|alt=Side view of aircraft in flight with extended gear, against a grassy hill backdrop]]
The prototype 757 rolled out of the Renton factory on January 13, 1982.<ref name=eden99/> The aircraft, equipped with {{nowrap|RB211-535C}} engines,<ref name="eden99">{{harvnb|Eden|2008|p=99.}}</ref> completed its maiden flight one week ahead of schedule on February 19, 1982.<ref>{{harvnb|Birtles|2001|pp=22–23.}}</ref> The first flight was affected by an [[Stall (engine)|engine stall]], following indications of low [[oil pressure]].<ref name=norris161/> After checking system diagnostics, company test pilot John Armstrong and co-pilot Lew Wallick were able to restart the affected engine, and the flight proceeded normally thereafter.<ref name="norris161">{{harvnb|Norris|Wagner|1998|pp=161–62.}}</ref> Subsequently, the 757 embarked on a seven-day weekly flight test schedule.<ref name="testing">{{Cite web |last=Sweetman |first=Bill |date=March 20, 1982 |title=Boeing tests the twins |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1982/1982%20-%200710.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619035713/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1982/1982%20-%200710.html |archive-date=June 19, 2018 |access-date=July 15, 2011 |website=Flight International |pages=676, 685–86}}</ref> By this time, the aircraft had received 136 orders from seven carriers, namely [[Air Florida]], [[American Airlines]], British Airways, Delta Air Lines, [[Eastern Air Lines]], [[Monarch Airlines]], and [[Transbrasil]].<ref name=intro19/>

[[File:F-22-flying-alongside-the-FTB.jpg|thumb|The first 757 was modified into the F-22 Flying Test Bed.]]
The seven-month 757 flight test program used the first five aircraft built.<ref name="b14">{{harvnb|Birtles|2001|p=14.}}</ref> Tasks included flight systems and propulsion tests, hot and cold weather trials, and route-proving flights.<ref name="b22">{{harvnb|Birtles|2001|pp=22–26.}}</ref> Data from the 767 program helped expedite the process.<ref name=testing/> After design issues were identified, the 757's exit doors received dual-spring mechanisms for easier operation, and the fuselage was strengthened for greater [[bird strike]] resistance.<ref name=making/> The production aircraft was {{convert|3600|lb|kg|sigfig=3}} lighter than originally specified, and recorded a three percent better-than-expected rate of fuel burn.<ref name=b22/> This resulted in a range increase of {{convert|200|nmi|sigfig=3}}, and prompted Boeing to tout the aircraft's fuel efficiency characteristics.<ref name=b22/> After 1,380 flight test hours,<ref name=752b/> the RB211-powered 757 received U.S. [[Federal Aviation Administration]] (FAA) certification on December 21, 1982, followed by UK [[Civil Aviation Authority (United Kingdom)|Civil Aviation Authority]] (CAA) certification on January 14, 1983.<ref name=norris161/><ref name=b14/> The first delivery to launch customer Eastern Air Lines occurred on December 22, 1982, about four months after the first 767 deliveries.<ref name=norris161/><ref name=757_O_D_summ/> The first 757 with PW2037 engines rolled out about one year later, and was delivered to Delta Air Lines on November 5, 1984.<ref name=norris161/> The first 757 was later modified into the F-22 Flying Test Bed to serve as a flying avionics laboratory for the [[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor|F-22 Raptor]] fighter aircraft.<ref name="b28-56" />