Editing Body Worlds (section)

==Regulatory framework==
===Czech Republic===
In July 2008, the Czech Senate passed a law to address illegal trading in human tissue and ban "advertising of donation of human cells and tissues for money or similar advantages".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/index_view.php?id=323506 |title=Czech Senate toughens rules for handling of human tissue |publisher=Ceskenoviny.cz |access-date=25 February 2010}}</ref>

===France===
On Tuesday 21 April 2009, a French judge ruled concerning the [[Paris]] exhibition of ''Our Body: The Universe Within'', that exhibiting dead bodies for profit was a "violation of the respect owed to them". "Under the law, the proper place for corpses is in the cemetery", said Judge Louis-Marie Raingeard. Raingeard ordered the exhibition to close within 24 hours or face a fine of 20,000 euro (over 26,000 dollars) for each day it stayed open. The judge also ordered authorities to seize the 17 bodies on display and all of the organs on display from an unknown number of people for proper burial. Gunther von Hagens issued a press statement denying any connection between the closed Chinese exhibition and his ''Body Worlds'' franchise.<ref>[https://www.abcnews.go.com/Blotter/story?id=7411070 France Shuts Down Popular Bodies Show]&page=1</ref> Similar exhibitions had already been successfully staged in [[Lyon]] and [[Marseille]].

===United Kingdom===

====England and Wales====
The [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|UK Parliament]] created legislation for exhibits of human remains, including plastinated bodies and body parts, in [[England and Wales]] under the [[Human Tissue Act 2004]]. This requires a licence to be granted by the [[Human Tissue Authority]].<ref>[http://www.hta.gov.uk/licensing.cfm HTA Licensing] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424090842/http://www.hta.gov.uk/licensing.cfm |date=24 April 2009 }}</ref> The Human Tissue Act superseded the [[Anatomy Act 1832]], which had been found by an independent commission (The Redfern Report)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jan/31/alderhey1 |title=UK, Main findings of the Redfern report |newspaper=Guardian |date= 31 January 2001|access-date=25 February 2010 | location=London}}</ref> to be inadequate on contemporary collection and use of human tissues, following the [[Alder Hey organs scandal]]. There was initially controversy over whether the exhibition needed a licence in compliance with the Anatomy Act 1984. But, after consideration by the Department of Health, it was found that the legislation had not been designed to relate to exhibitions like Body Worlds and so no licence was required.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shelbourn|first=Carolyn|date=2006|title=Bringing the Skeletons out of the Closet: The Law and Human Remains in Art, Archaeology and Museum Collections|journal=Art Antiquity and Law|volume=11|issue=2|pages=179–198, 183}}</ref> In March 2008, the [[Manchester Museum of Science and Industry]] was granted such a licence to hold ''Body Worlds 4'' and a further licence was granted to the exhibition in the O2, London, in 2008.

====Scotland====
The [[Human Tissue (Scotland) Act 2006]] – which amended the Anatomy Act 1984 – covers Scotland. Under the terms of this Act, licences for the handling of human remains, including display, must be granted directly by the Scottish Ministry: "Subsection 9: If the Scottish Ministers think it desirable to do so in the interests of education, training or research, they may grant a license to a person to publicly display the body or, as the case may be, the part, and a person is authorized under this subsection to so display a body or a part of a body if, at the time of the display he is licensed under this subsection."<ref>{{UK-LEG|title=Human Tissue (Scotland) Act 2006|path=/asp/2006/4}}</ref>

Various organizations gave evidence to the [[Scottish Executive]] during the consultation process, including the [[Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh]], the [[Wellcome Trust]], and the [[Museums Association]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museumsassociation.org/ma/11480 |title=Response by the Museums Association on the Human Tissue (Scotland) Bill |publisher=Museums Association |date=8 September 2005 |access-date=25 February 2010}}</ref>

===United States===
Various legislation has been proposed and enacted in different American states. Most proposals concentrate on issues regarding the sale of human remains and the consent of the donors.

National legislation on consent and tissue donation issues is expressed in the [[Uniform Anatomical Gift Act]] (2006)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anatomicalgiftact.org/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabindex=1&tabid=63 |title=Anatomical Gift Act |publisher=Anatomical Gift Act |date=26 August 2009 |access-date=25 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923090355/http://www.anatomicalgiftact.org/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabindex=1&tabid=63 |archive-date=23 September 2010 }}</ref> passed by the [[National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws]] which states that "an anatomical gift of a donor's body or part may be made during the life of the donor for the purpose of transplantation, therapy, research, or education", and prohibits trafficking in donated human organs for profit.

In early 2008, former US Republican Representative [[Todd Akin|W. Todd Akin]] proposed an amendment to the [[Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act]] of 1930<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statesurge.com/bills/69436-hr5677-federal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115004301/http://www.statesurge.com/bills/69436-hr5677-federal |url-status=usurped |archive-date=15 January 2009 |title=Amends the Tariff Act of 1930 |publisher=Statesurge.com |date=16 April 2008 |access-date=25 February 2010}}</ref> to "make it unlawful for a person to import plastinated human remains into the United States." The President of the American Association of Anatomists has expressed concern that the scope of the act is "too broad" and that "Preventing importation of all plastinated specimens could severely restrict their use for medical education."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anatomy.org/Files/private/newsletters/aaa_sept_nl.pdf |title=American Association of Anatomists Newsletter Vol. 17, No. 3, September 2008 |access-date=25 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327110113/http://www.anatomy.org/Files/private/newsletters/aaa_sept_nl.pdf |archive-date=27 March 2009 }}</ref> The bill of amendment was not enacted during the 2007–2008 Congressional session.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h110-5677 |title=H.R. 5677: To amend the Tariff Act of 1930 |publisher=Govtrack.us |access-date=25 February 2010}}</ref>

====California====
California's proposed bill AB1519 (Ma), sponsored by Assemblywoman [[Fiona Ma]],<ref>{{cite web|author=Ma |url=http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/07-08/bill/asm/ab_1501-1550/ab_1519_bill_20080617_amended_sen_v92.html |title=California State bill AB1519 (Ma) |publisher=Leginfo.ca.gov |access-date=25 February 2010}}</ref> tried to "require exhibitors to get a county permit; to do so, they would have to prove to county health officials that the people whose cadavers were on display—or their next of kin—had consented".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-corpse25jan25,0,2070702.story |title=Cadaver shows raise consent concerns – Los Angeles Times |work=Los Angeles Times |date=25 January 2008 |first=Marc |last=Lifsher |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080129210804/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-corpse25jan25%2C0%2C2070702.story |archive-date=29 January 2008 }}</ref>

Assembly Bill 1519 would have made California the first state to require such proof.<ref name="californiachronicle.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.californiachronicle.com/articles/71686 |title=Legislation to Regulate Dead Body Exhibits Moves on to The Governor |publisher=Californiachronicle.com |access-date=25 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911144748/http://www.californiachronicle.com/articles/71686 |archive-date=11 September 2011 }}</ref> It was vetoed by Governor [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]] on 26 September 2008.<ref>[http://leginfo.ca.gov/pub/07-08/bill/asm/ab_1501-1550/ab_1519_bill_20080926_history.html A.B. No. 1519 bill history, from the Government of California]</ref>

====Florida====
The state of [[Florida]] prohibits the sale or purchase of human remains and "Authorizes certain science centers located in this state to transport plastinated bodies into, within, or out of this state and exhibit such bodies for the purpose of public education without the consent of this state's anatomical board if the science center notifies the board of any such transportation or exhibition, as well as the location and duration of any exhibition, at least 30 days before such transportation or exhibition".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leg.state.fl.us/cgi-bin/view_page.pl?Tab=session&Submenu=1&FT=D&File=sb2554.html&Directory=session/2007/Senate/bills/billtext/html/ |title=State of Florida Legislation |publisher=Leg.state.fl.us |date=1 July 2007 |access-date=25 February 2010}}</ref> The Museum of Science and History in Jacksonville and the Museum of Science and Industry in Tampa have hosted BODY WORLDS exhibitions. 

====Hawaii====
In January 2009, Rep. Marcus Oshiro introduced two bills prompted by presentation of the BODIES Exhibition in that state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.starbulletin.com/editorials/20090129_Enact_restrictions_on_cadavers_shown_in_public_exhibits.html |title=Enact restrictions on cadavers shown in public exhibits |publisher=Starbulletin.com |date=29 January 2009 |access-date=25 February 2010}}</ref> HB28 Relating to Dead Human Bodies would add to the prohibition against buying dead human bodies, the selling of dead human bodies and defines the term "dead human body" to include plastinated bodies and body parts. It would increase the fine for buying or selling a dead human body to up to $5,000. HB29 Relating to Dead Human Bodies would prohibit the commercial display of dead human bodies without a permit from the Department of Health.<ref>{{cite web|author=Georgette |url=http://hawaiihouseblog.blogspot.com/2009/01/inspired-by-bodies.html |title=Hawaii House Blog: Inspired by Bodies |publisher=Hawaiihouseblog.blogspot.com |date=23 January 2009 |access-date=25 February 2010}}</ref>

====New York====
In June 2008, [[New York (state)|New York]] State Senate passed legislation regulating body exhibits. A bill that was sponsored by Senator Jim Alesi requires anyone showing an exhibit that uses real human bodies in New York museums to produce a permit detailing their origin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rochesterhomepage.net/content/fulltext/?cid=17741 |title=Rochester Homepage Cracking down on human body exhibits |publisher=Rochesterhomepage.net |date=19 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208180852/http://rochesterhomepage.net/content/fulltext/?cid=17741 | archive-date = 8 February 2009}}</ref> BODY WORLDS was hosted at Discovery Times Square in New York City. 

====Pennsylvania====
Representative [[Mike Fleck]]'s proposed bill would require evidence of informed consent from the decedent or relatives of all humans whose remains are put on display.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legis.state.pa.us/CFDOCS/Legis/PN/Public/btCheck.cfm?txtType=HTM&sessYr=2007&sessInd=0&billBody=H&billTyp=B&billNbr=2299&pn=3339 |title=Pennsylvania bodies exhibit regulatory bill |publisher=Legis.state.pa.us |date=10 March 2008 |access-date=25 February 2010}}</ref> BODY WORLDS exhibitions have been hosted in Philadelphia at the Franklin Institute and in Allentown at the Da Vinci Science Center. 

====Washington====
The state of [[Washington (state)|Washington]] considered a bill that would "require written authorization to display human remains for a commercial purpose".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://apps.leg.wa.gov/billinfo/Summary.aspx?bill=1253&year=2007 |title=State of Washington Bill Requiring written authorization to display human remains for a commercial purpose |publisher=Apps.leg.wa.gov |access-date=25 February 2010}}</ref>