Editing Blood transfusion (section)

=== Blood donation ===
{{Main|Blood donation}}

The source of blood to be transfused can either be the potential recipient ([[Autotransfusion|autologous]] transfusion), or someone else ([[allogeneic]] or homologous transfusion). The latter is much more common than the former. Using another's blood must first start with donation of blood. Blood is most commonly donated as [[whole blood]] obtained intravenously and mixed with an [[anticoagulant]]. In first-world countries, donations are usually anonymous to the recipient, but products in a [[blood bank]] are always individually traceable through the whole cycle of donation, testing, separation into components, storage, and administration to the recipient.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Distler P, Ashford P |title=Twenty-five years later: has ISBT 128 fulfilled its promise? |journal=Transfusion |volume=59 |issue=12 |pages=3776–82 |date=December 2019 |pmid=31565803 |pmc=6916302 |doi=10.1111/trf.15519 }}</ref> This enables management and investigation of any suspected transfusion related disease transmission or [[transfusion reaction]]. Developing countries rely heavily on replacement and remunerated donors rather than voluntary nonremunerated donors due to concerns regarding donation- and transfusion-transmitted infection as well as local and cultural beliefs.<ref name="a321">{{cite journal | last1=Gress | first1=Kyle L. | last2=Charipova | first2=Karina | last3=Urits | first3=Ivan | last4=Viswanath | first4=Omar | last5=Kaye | first5=Alan D. | title=Supply, Demand, and Quality: A Three-Pronged Approach to Blood Product Management in Developing Countries | journal=Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews | volume=8 | issue=2 | date=2021 | pmid=33898644 | pmc=8060046 | pages=121–6| doi=10.17294/2330-0698.1799 }}</ref>

It is unclear whether applying alcohol swab alone or alcohol swab followed by antiseptic is able to reduce contamination of donor's blood.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Webster J, Bell-Syer SE, Foxlee R | title = Skin preparation with alcohol versus alcohol followed by any antiseptic for preventing bacteraemia or contamination of blood for transfusion | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2015 | issue = 2 | pages = CD007948 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25674776 | pmc = 7185566 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD007948.pub3 | collaboration = Cochrane Wounds Group }}</ref>

Studies show that the main motivators to blood donation tend to be prosocial (e.g., altruism, selflessness, charity), while the main deterrents include fear, distrust,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Edwards |first1=Patrick W. |last2=Zeichner |first2=Amos |date=January 1985 |title=Blood donor development: Effects of personality, motivational and situational variables |journal=Personality and Individual Differences |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=743–751 |doi=10.1016/0191-8869(85)90085-6 |issn=0191-8869}}</ref><ref name=":43">{{Cite journal |last1=Muthivhi |first1=Tshilidzi |last2=Olmsted |first2=M. |last3=Park |first3=H. |last4=Sha |first4=Mandy |date=August 2015 |title=Motivators and deterrents to blood donation among Black South Africans: a qualitative analysis of focus group data |journal=Transfusion Medicine |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=249–258 |doi=10.1111/tme.12218 |pmc=4583344 |pmid=26104809}}</ref> or perceived racial discrimination in historic contexts.<ref name=":43" />