Editing Black Hand (Serbia) (section)

==Establishment==
 [[File:Ritual cross the Black Hand.jpg|thumb|Ritual cross of the Black Hand]]
 [[File:Signatures of Black Hand members.jpg|thumb|Signatures]]
'''Unification or Death''' was established at the beginning of May 1911,<ref name="Radenković1997">{{cite book|author=Đorđe Radenković|title=Pašić i Srbija|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ur0zAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Službeni list SRJ|page=462|isbn=978-8635503332}}</ref> and the original constitution of the organization was signed on 9 May.<ref name="umetnosti1955">{{cite book|author=Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti|title=Posebna izdanja|volume=243|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L6DqH3HzM1MC|year=1955|page=199|quote=Оригинални Устав истого, друштва од 9/22 ма]а 1911 год. са своеручним потписила опт.}}</ref> [[Ljuba Čupa]], [[Bogdan Radenković]], and [[Vojislav Tankosić]] wrote the constitution of the organization,<ref name="NESHS2-181">{{cite book|author=Stanoje Stanojević|title=Narodna enciklopedija srpsko-hrvatsko-slovenačka, knjiga 2|location=Zagreb|year=1929|language=sh|page=181}}</ref> modeled after similar German secret nationalist associations and the Italian [[Carbonari]].<ref name=NESHS2-181/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1916/small-nations.htm|title=The Big Lie: The Defence of Small Nations|first=Leon|last=Trotsky|author-link=Leon Trotsky|date=1916|access-date=6 November 2022}}</ref> The organization was mentioned in the Serbian parliament as the "Black Hand" in late 1911.<ref name="Popović-Obradović1998">{{cite book|author=Olga Popović-Obradović|title=Parlamentarizam u Srbiji od 1903. do 1914. godine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gKc4AAAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Službeni list SRJ|page=158|isbn=978-8635504032}}</ref>

By 1911–12, Narodna Odbrana had established ties with the Black Hand, and the two became "parallel in action and overlapping in membership".<ref>{{cite book|author=Victor Roudometof|title=Nationalism, Globalization, and Orthodoxy: The Social Origins of Ethnic Conflict in the Balkans|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9p_m7oXQ00C&pg=PA170|year=2001|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0313319495|pages=170–}}</ref>