Editing Big cat (section)

===Roaring===
The ability to [[Roar (vocalization)|roar]] comes from an elongated and specially adapted [[larynx]] and [[hyoid bone|hyoid apparatus]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Weissengruber |first1=GE |last2=G Forstenpointner |last3=G Peters |last4=A Kübber-Heiss |last5=WT Fitch |date=September 2002 |title=Hyoid apparatus and pharynx in the lion (Panthera leo), jaguar (Panthera onca), tiger (Panthera tigris), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), liger (Panthera leo × Panthera tigris), Tigon (Panthera tigris x Panthera leo) and the domestic cat. (Felis silvestris f. catus) |journal=Journal of Anatomy |volume=201 |issue=3 |pages=195–209 |doi=10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00088.x |pmc=1570911 |pmid=12363272}}</ref> The larynx is attached to the hyoid bone that is hanging from a sequence of bones. This sequence of bones the hyoid hangs from are tympanohyal, stylohyal, epihyal, and ceratohyal; these are located in the mandible and skull.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hast |first=M H |date=April 1989 |title=The larynx of roaring and non-roaring cats. |journal=Journal of Anatomy |volume=163 |pages=117–121 |issn=0021-8782 |pmc=1256521 |pmid=2606766}}</ref>  In the larynx, there are vocal folds that produce the structure needed to stretch the ligament to a length that creates the roar effect. This tissue is made of thick collagen and elastic fiber that becomes denser as it approaches the epithelial mucosal lining.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Erickson-DiRenzo |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Sivasankar |first2=M. Preeti |last3=Thibeault |first3=Susan L. |date=2014-12-15 |title=Utility of cell viability assays for use with ex vivo vocal fold epithelial tissue |journal=The Laryngoscope |volume=125 |issue=5 |pages=E180–E185 |doi=10.1002/lary.25100 |issn=0023-852X |pmc=4414688 |pmid=25511412}}</ref> When this large pad folds it creates a low natural frequency, causing the cartilage walls of the larynx to vibrate. When it begins to vibrate the sound moves from a high to low air resistance which makes the roaring.

The lion's larynx is the longest, giving it the most robust roar. The roar in good conditions can be heard 8 or even 10&nbsp;km ({{convert|8|or|10|km|0|disp=out}}) away.<ref name="Darling2000">{{Cite book |last=Kathy Darling |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qaoK0ykgmwQC |title=Lions |date=1 January 2000 |publisher=Lerner Publications |isbn=978-1-57505-404-9}}</ref> All five extant members of the genus ''Panthera'' contain this elongated hyoid but owing to differences in the larynx the [[snow leopard]] cannot roar. Unlike the roaring cats in their family, the snow leopard is distinguished by the lack of a large pad of fibro-elastic tissue that allows for a large vocal fold.