Editing Berwick-upon-Tweed (section)

=== Scottish burgh ===

Between the late 10th and early 11th centuries, the land between the rivers [[River Forth|Forth]] and Tweed came under Scottish control, either through conquest by Scotland or through [[cession]] by England.<ref>{{cite book |last=Barrow |first=G. S. W. |year=2003 |title=The Kingdom of the Scots: Government, Church and Society from the Eleventh to the Fourteenth Century |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0-7486-1803-3 |page=121}}</ref> Berwick was made a [[royal burgh]] by [[David I of Scotland|David I]] (reigned 1124–1153).<ref>{{cite book |last=Davies |first=Norman |author-link=Norman Davies |year=2000 |title=The Isles: A History |location=London |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Papermac]] |isbn=978-0-333-69283-7}}{{page needed|date=August 2015}}</ref> David also established many of the [[Shires of Scotland|shires]] of Scotland, with Berwick becoming the [[county town]] of [[Berwickshire]], which covered the town and a largely rural area to the north-west of it.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chalmers |first1=George |title=Caledonia |date=1810 |publisher=Cadell and Davies |location=London |page=213 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j8Q_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA213 |access-date=19 December 2022}}</ref> A [[Mint (coin)|mint]] was present in the town by 1153.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Lynch (historian) |year=1992 |title=Scotland: a New History |publisher=Pimlico |isbn=978-0-7126-9893-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/scotlandnewhisto0000lync/page/62 62] |url=https://archive.org/details/scotlandnewhisto0000lync/page/62}}</ref> In 1276, William de Baddeby was Constable of Berwick.<ref name="Historic Manuscripts Commission 1902, p.225">Historic Manuscripts Commission, ''MSS of Col. David Milne Home of Wedderburn Castle, N.B.'', [[HMSO]], London, 1902, pg. 225.</ref>

While under Scottish control, Berwick was referred to as "South Berwick" to differentiate it from the town of [[North Berwick]], [[East Lothian]], near Edinburgh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.northberwick.org.uk/story.html#The_Early_Settlers |last=Seaton |first=Douglas C. |work=Royal Burgh of North Berwick |title=The Early Settlers |access-date=15 January 2015 |archive-date=16 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116044456/http://www.northberwick.org.uk/story.html#The_Early_Settlers |url-status=live }}</ref>

Berwick had a medieval hospital for the sick and poor, which the Church administered. A charter under the [[Great Seal of Scotland]], confirmed by King [[James I of Scotland]], grants the king's chaplain "[[Thomas Lauder]] of the House of God or Hospital lying in the burgh of Berwick-upon-Tweed, to be held to him for the whole time of his life with all lands, teinds, rents and profits, etc., belonging to the said hospital, as freely as is granted to any other hospital in the Kingdom of Scotland; the king also commands all those concerned to pay to the grantee all things necessary for the support of the hospital. Dated at Edinburgh June 8, in the 20th year of his reign."{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}