Editing Benign prostatic hyperplasia (section)

=== Diet ===
Studies indicate that dietary patterns may affect the development of BPH, but further research is needed to clarify any important relationship.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Heber D | title = Prostate enlargement: the canary in the coal mine? | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 75 | issue = 4 | pages = 605–606 | date = April 2002 | pmid = 11916745 | doi = 10.1093/ajcn/75.4.605 | doi-access = free }}<!--|access-date=1 March 2015--></ref> Studies from China suggest that greater protein intake may be a factor in the development of BPH. Men older than 60 in rural areas had very low rates of clinical BPH, while men living in cities and consuming more animal protein had a higher incidence.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang SX, Yu B, Guo SL, Wang YW, Yin CK | title = [Comparison of incidence of BPH and related factors between urban and rural inhabitants in district of Wannan] | journal = Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue = National Journal of Andrology | volume = 9 | issue = 1 | pages = 45–47 | date = February 2003 | pmid = 12680332 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gu F | title = Changes in the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia in China | journal = Chinese Medical Journal | volume = 110 | issue = 3 | pages = 163–166 | date = March 1997 | pmid = 9594331 }}</ref> On the other hand, a study in Japanese-American men in Hawaii found a strong negative association with alcohol intake, but a weak positive association with beef intake.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chyou PH, Nomura AM, Stemmermann GN, Hankin JH | title = A prospective study of alcohol, diet, and other lifestyle factors in relation to obstructive uropathy | journal = The Prostate | volume = 22 | issue = 3 | pages = 253–264 | date = 1993 | pmid = 7683816 | doi = 10.1002/pros.2990220308 | s2cid = 32639108 }}</ref> In a large prospective cohort study in the US (the Health Professionals Follow-up Study), investigators reported modest associations between BPH (men with strong symptoms of BPH or surgically confirmed BPH) and total energy and protein, but not fat intake.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki S, Platz EA, Kawachi I, Willett WC, Giovannucci E | title = Intakes of energy and macronutrients and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 75 | issue = 4 | pages = 689–697 | date = April 2002 | pmid = 11916755 | doi = 10.1093/ajcn/75.4.689 | doi-access = free }}</ref> There is also epidemiological evidence linking BPH with [[metabolic syndrome]] (concurrent [[obesity]], impaired glucose metabolism and [[diabetes]], [[hypertriglyceridemia|high triglyceride levels]], high levels of low-density cholesterol, and [[hypertension]]).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gacci M, Corona G, Vignozzi L, Salvi M, Serni S, De Nunzio C, Tubaro A, Oelke M, Carini M, Maggi M | title = Metabolic syndrome and benign prostatic enlargement: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = BJU International | volume = 115 | issue = 1 | pages = 24–31 | date = January 2015 | pmid = 24602293 | doi = 10.1111/bju.12728 | hdl-access = free | s2cid = 22937831 | doi-access = free | hdl = 2158/953282 }}</ref>