Editing Beetle (section)

===Late Paleozoic and Triassic===
[[File:Moravocoleus permianus.jpg|left|thumb|Fossil and life restoration of ''Moravocoleus permianus'' ([[Tshekardocoleidae]]) from the Early Permian of the Czech Republic, representative of the morphology of early beetles]]
The oldest known beetle is ''[[Coleopsis]]'', from the earliest Permian ([[Asselian]]) of Germany, around 295 million years ago.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kirejtshuk|first1=Alexander G.|last2=Poschmann|first2=Markus|last3=Prokop|first3=Jakub|last4=Garrouste|first4=Romain|last5=Nel|first5=André|date=2014-07-04|title=Evolution of the elytral venation and structural adaptations in the oldest Palaeozoic beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tshekardocoleidae)|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14772019.2013.821530|journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology|volume=12|issue=5|pages=575–600|doi=10.1080/14772019.2013.821530|bibcode=2014JSPal..12..575K |s2cid=85163674|issn=1477-2019}}</ref> Early beetles from the Permian, which are collectively grouped into the "[[Protocoleoptera]]" are thought to have been [[xylophagous]] (wood eating) and [[Woodboring beetle|wood boring]]. Fossils from this time have been found in Siberia and Europe, for instance in the red slate fossil beds of Niedermoschel near Mainz, Germany.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hörnschemeyer|first=T.|author2=Stapf, H.|title=Die Insektentaphozönose von Niedermoschel (Asselian, unt. Perm; Deutschland)|journal=Schriften der Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung|language=de|issue=99/8|page=98}}</ref> Further fossils have been found in Obora, Czech Republic and Tshekarda in the Ural mountains, Russia.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Kukalová, J.|year=1969|title=On the systematic position of the supposed Permian beetles, Tshecardocoleidae, with a description of a new collection from Moravia|journal=Sborník Geologických Věd, Paleontologie|volume=11|pages=139–161}}</ref> However, there are only a few fossils from North America before the [[middle Permian]], although both Asia and North America had been united to [[Euramerica]]. The first discoveries from North America made in the [[Wellington Formation]] of Oklahoma were published in 2005 and 2008.<ref name="evo">{{cite web|author=Benisch, Christoph|year=2010|title=Phylogeny of the beetles|url=http://www.kerbtier.de/Pages/Themenseiten/enPhylogenie.html#L9|access-date=March 16, 2011|work=The beetle fauna of Germany|publisher=Kerbtier}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Beckemeyer|first=R. J.|author2=Engel, M. S.|year=2008|title=A second specimen of ''Permocoleus'' (Coleoptera) from the Lower Permian Wellington Formation of Noble County, Oklahoma|url=http://fossilinsects.net/pdfs/beckemeyer_engel_2008_JKansEntSoc_PermocoleusPermOklahoma.pdf|journal=[[Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society]]|volume=81|issue=1|pages=4–7|doi=10.2317/JKES-708.01.1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718202310/http://fossilinsects.net/pdfs/beckemeyer_engel_2008_JKansEntSoc_PermocoleusPermOklahoma.pdf|archive-date=July 18, 2011|s2cid=86835593}}</ref> The earliest members of modern beetle lineages appeared during the [[Late Permian]]. In the [[Permian–Triassic extinction event]] at the end of the Permian, most "protocoleopteran" lineages became extinct. Beetle diversity did not recover to pre-extinction levels until the [[Middle Triassic]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Zhao|first1=Xianye|last2=Yu|first2=Yilun|last3=Clapham|first3=Matthew E|last4=Yan|first4=Evgeny|last5=Chen|first5=Jun|last6=Jarzembowski|first6=Edmund A|last7=Zhao|first7=Xiangdong|last8=Wang|first8=Bo|date=2021-11-08|editor-last=Perry|editor-first=George H|editor2-last=Fikacek|editor2-first=Martin|title=Early evolution of beetles regulated by the end-Permian deforestation|journal=eLife|volume=10|pages=e72692|doi=10.7554/eLife.72692|pmid=34747694|pmc=8585485|issn=2050-084X |doi-access=free }}</ref>