Editing Bee (section)

===Phylogeny===
====External====
Molecular phylogeny was used by Debevic ''et al'', 2012, to demonstrate that the bees (Anthophila) arose from deep within the [[Crabronidae]] ''[[sensu lato]]'', which was thus rendered [[paraphyly|paraphyletic]]. In their study, the placement of the monogeneric [[Heterogyna|Heterogynaidae]] was uncertain. The small family [[Mellinidae]] was not included in this analysis.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Debevec |first1=Andrew H. |last2=Cardinal |first2=Sophie |last3=Danforth |first3=Bryan N. |title=Identifying the sister group to the bees: a molecular phylogeny of Aculeata with an emphasis on the superfamily Apoidea |journal=Zoologica Scripta |date=2012 |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=527–535 |doi=10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00549.x |s2cid=33533180 |url=http://www.danforthlab.entomology.cornell.edu/files/all/debevec_etal_2012.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212548/http://www.danforthlab.entomology.cornell.edu/files/all/debevec_etal_2012.pdf |archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref>

Further studies by Sann ''et al.'', 2018, elevated the subfamilies (plus one tribe and one subtribe) of [[Crabronidae]] ''sensu lato'' to family status. They also recovered the placement of ''Heterogyna'' within [[Nyssonini]] and sunk [[Heterogynaidae]]. The newly erected family, [[Ammoplanidae]], formerly a subtribe of [[Pemphredonidae|Pemphredoninae]], was recovered as the most sister family to bees.<ref name=Sann2018>{{cite journal |first1=Manuela |last1=Sann  |first2=Oliver |last2=Niehuis |first3=Ralph S. |last3=Peters |first4=Christoph |last4=Mayer |first5=Alexey |last5=Kozlov |first6=Lars |last6=Podsiadlowski |first7=Sarah |last7=Bank |first8=Karen |last8=Meusemann |first9=Bernhard |last9=Misof |first10=Christoph |last10=Bleidorn |first11=Michael |last11=Ohl |display-authors=5 |date=2018 |title=Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees. |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume= 18 |issue=71 |page=71 |doi=10.1186/s12862-018-1155-8 |doi-access=free |pmid=29776336 |pmc=5960199 |bibcode=2018BMCEE..18...71S }}</ref>

{{clade| style=font-size:85%;line-height:85%
|label1=Apoidea
|1={{clade
   |1=[[Ampulicidae]] (Cockroach wasps) [[File:Emerald Cockroach Wasp.JPG|70px]]
   |2={{clade
       |1=[[Astatidae]] [[File:Astata boopsDSC05135.JPG|70px]]
       |2={{clade
            |1={{clade
                  |1=[[Bembicinae|Bembicidae]] [[File:Bembix sp2.jpg|70px]]
                  |2={{clade
                     |1=[[Sphecidae]] (''[[sensu stricto]]'') [[File:Sceliphron spirifex TZ edit1.jpg|70px]]
                     |2={{clade 
                        |1={{clade
                           |1=[[Crabroninae|Crabronidae]] (''[[sensu stricto]]'') [[File:Ectemnius.lapidarius.-.lindsey.jpg|70px]]
                           |2=[[Mellinidae]] [[File:Mellinus arvensis - Flickr - gailhampshire (1).jpg|70px]]
                  }} }} }} }}
           |2={{clade
               |1={{clade
                  |1=[[Pemphredonidae]] [[File:Pemphredon ? (Crabronidae) - Zwerggrabwespe (11462528464).jpg|70px]]
                  |2=[[Philanthidae]] [[File:P. gibbosus57306787w.jpg|70px]]}}
               |2={{clade
                  |1=[[Psenidae]] [[File:Aphid Wasp - Flickr - treegrow (2).jpg|70px]]
                  |2={{clade 
                     |1={{clade
                        |1=[[Ammoplanidae]] 
                        |2='''Anthophila (bees)''' [[File:Abeille butineuse et son pollen.JPG|70px]] 
                  }} }} }} }} }}
         }}
      }}
   }}

====Internal====
This cladogram of the bee families is based on Hedtke et al., 2013, which places the former families Dasypodaidae and Meganomiidae as subfamilies inside the Melittidae.<ref name=Hedtke2013>{{cite journal|last1=Hedtke|first1=Shannon M.|last2=Patiny|first2=Sébastien|last3=Danforth|first3=Bryan M.|title=The bee tree of life: a supermatrix approach to apoid phylogeny and biogeography|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|date=2013|volume=13|issue=138|pages=138|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-13-138|pmid=23822725|pmc=3706286 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2013BMCEE..13..138H }}</ref> English names, where available, are given in parentheses.

{{clade| style=font-size:85%;line-height:85%
|label1=[[Anthophila]] (bees)
|1={{clade
   |1={{clade
      |1=[[Melittidae]] (inc. [[Dasypodainae]], [[Meganomiinae]]) at least 50 Mya [[File:Macropis sp 01.jpg|70px]]
      |2={{clade
         |label1={{nowrap|long-tongued bees}}
         |1={{clade
            |1=[[Apidae]] (inc. honeybees, cuckoo bees, carpenter bees) ≈87 Mya [[File:Apis mellifera flying2.jpg|70px]]
            |2=[[Megachilidae]] (mason, leafcutter bees) ≈50 Mya [[File:Leafcutter bee (Megachile sp.) collecting leaves (7519316920).jpg|70px]]
            }}
         |label2={{nowrap|short-tongued bees}}
         |2={{clade
            |1=[[Andrenidae]] (mining bees) ≈34 Mya [[File:Thomas Bresson - Hyménoptère sur une fleur de pissenlit (by).jpg|70px]]
            |2={{clade
               |1=[[Halictidae]] (sweat bees) ≈50 Mya [[File:Iridescent.green.sweat.bee1.jpg|70px]]
               |2={{clade
                  |1=[[Colletidae]] (plasterer bees) ≈25 Mya [[File:Colletes cunicularius m1.JPG|70px]]
                  |2=[[Stenotritidae]] (large Australian bees) ≈2 Mya [[File:Stenotritus pubescens, f, side, australia 2014-07-05-12.18.33 ZS PMax.jpg|70px]]
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}