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==Major beauty pageants== {{Main|List of beauty pageants}} Major international contests for women include the yearly [[Miss World]] competition (founded by [[Eric Morley]] in 1951), [[Miss Universe]] (founded in 1952), [[Miss International]] (founded in 1960), [[Miss India Worldwide]] (founded in 1980) and [[Miss Earth]] (founded in 2001 with environmental awareness as its concern).<ref>{{cite news|title=Mexicana Anagabriela Espinoza gana concurso de belleza en China|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&layout=2&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.terra.com.mx%2Farticulo.aspx%3FarticuloId%3D883756|access-date=19 February 2012 |newspaper=[[Terra Networks]]|location=Mexico|agency=[[EFE]]|date=28 November 2009}}</ref><ref name="edinburgh-students">{{cite news|last=Sibbett |first=Rebecca |title=Edinburgh students launch beauty pageant |url=http://www.journal-online.co.uk/article/2841-edinburgh-students-launch-beauty-pageant |access-date=8 March 2012 |newspaper=[[The Edinburgh Journal]] |date=15 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616010713/http://www.journal-online.co.uk/article/2841-edinburgh-students-launch-beauty-pageant |archive-date=16 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="bad-beauty">{{cite news |last=Fischer |first=Bernd |title=Beauty pageants: the bad and the beautiful |url=http://www.perdeby.co.za/beauty-pageants-the-bad-and-the-beautiful/ |access-date=26 December 2012 |newspaper=Perdeby |date=20 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922163840/http://www.perdeby.co.za/beauty-pageants-the-bad-and-the-beautiful/ |archive-date=22 September 2012}}</ref> These four are considered the biggest and most well known pageants, the four largest and most famous international beauty contests for single or unmarried women (except [[Miss Universe]]). ===Big Four International Beauty Pageants=== {{Main|Big Four international beauty pageants}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Founded !Pageant !Organizer !Headquarters !Bikini allowed !class="unsortable"|Bikini regulation |- | 1951 || [[Miss World]] || Miss World Organization || London, England || 1951–2014; 2023–present || '''1951:''' The first winner, [[Kiki Håkansson]] from Sweden, was crowned in a bikini. Countries with religious traditions threatened to withdraw delegates,<ref name="shin"/> and [[Pope Pius XII]] condemned the crowning as sinful.<ref name="Selvedge"/><ref name="theweek"/><br />'''1952:''' Swimsuits toned down to more modest designs.<ref name=Almanac/><br />'''1996:''' Miss World contest was held in [[Bangalore]], India, but the swimsuit round was shifted to [[Seychelles]] because of intense protests.<ref name=despite>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9611/23/miss.world/index.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031217161734/http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9611/23/miss.world/index.html |title=Miss Greece now Miss World, despite pageant protests |work=CNN |date=23 November 1996 |archive-date= 17 December 2003}}</ref><br />'''2013:''' The swimsuit round was dropped because of Islamist protests in [[Bali]], Indonesia, where the contest took place.<ref name="au.ibtimes.com"/> <br />'''2015:''' The Beach Fashion segment of the pageant was dropped.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/11303129/Miss-World-bikini-round-cancelled-after-63-years.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/11303129/Miss-World-bikini-round-cancelled-after-63-years.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Miss World ditches 'sexist bikini round' after 63 years|first=Radhika|last=Sanghani|date=19 December 2014|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}{{cbignore}}</ref> |- | 1952 || [[Miss Universe]] || JKN Legacy Inc.<br>[[JKN Global Group]] (50%)<hr>Legacy Holding Group USA Inc. (50%)||[[Samut Prakan Province|Samut Prakan]], Thailand<hr>[[New York City]], United States<hr>[[Mexico City]], Mexico | 1997–present || '''1952:''' Bikinis banned.<br />'''1997:''' Contestants allowed to wear bikinis.<ref name=Almanac/><br />'''2021:''' Bikinis made optional. Contestants are allowed to wear [[burkini]]s during swimsuit competition.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2023 |title=Bahraini model Evlin Abdullah Khalifa shines on Miss Universe stage in New Orleans as Miss Lebanon causes a stir |url=https://arab.news/ygntt |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2021 |title=Miss Morocco to compete in Miss Universe 2021 show for first time in 43 years |url=https://arab.news/gakgk |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref> |- | 1960 || [[Miss International]] || International Cultural Association || [[Tokyo, Japan|Tokyo]], Japan || 1960–2022 || '''1964:''' Bikinis made mandatory. '''2023:''' The swimsuit parade to replaced by Lingerie parade. |- | 2001 || [[Miss Earth]] || [[Carousel Productions Inc.|Carousel Productions]] || [[Metro Manila|Manila]], [[Philippines]] || 2003–present || '''2003:''' [[Vida Samadzai]] from [[Afghanistan]] participating in a bikini caused an uproar in her home country.<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B07E3DC1430F933A05753C1A9659C8B63 Asia: Afghanistan: Anti-Pageant Judges], ''The New York Times''</ref><ref name="indymedia">{{cite web|url=http://www.indymedia.ie/article/62098?condense_comments=true |title=Afghan women's organization in "Miss Earth" show – Indymedia Ireland |publisher=indymedia.ie|access-date=2016-02-07}}</ref><ref name="opinionjournal">{{cite web|url=http://www.opinionjournal.com/best/?id=110004216 |title=Opinion & Reviews – Wall Street Journal |publisher=opinionjournal.com|access-date=2016-02-07}}</ref>'''2017:''' The "Beauty of Form and Figure" preliminary judging in [[Miss Earth 2017]] was introduced where the delegates walked in white two-piece bikinis while their faces were covered by a white veil to focus the judgment on the body figures in this portion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://us.blastingnews.com/showbiz-tv/2017/10/miss-earth-organizers-slammed-over-controversial-preliminary-round-002104593.html|title=Miss Earth organizers slammed over controversial preliminary round|last=Dela Cruz|first=Lito|publisher=Blasting News|work=Blasting News|access-date=2017-11-20|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://coconuts.co/manila/lifestyle/miss-earth-pageant-covers-contestants-faces-walk-swimsuits/|title=Miss Earth pageant covers contestants' faces as they walk down in swimsuits {{!}} Coconuts Manila|date=20 October 2017|work=Coconuts|access-date=2017-11-20|language=en-US}}</ref> |}
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