Editing Bean (section)

=== Taxonomic range ===

Beans are legumes, but from many different genera, native to different regions.<ref>{{Cite web  |date=28 October 2019 |title=Legumes and Pulses |url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/legumes-pulses/ |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=The Nutrition Source}}</ref> 

{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 70px;" | Genus
! style="width: 250px;" | Species and common varieties
! style="width: 180px;" | Probable home region
! style="width: 180px;" | Distribution, climate
! style="width: 250px;" | Notes
|-
| ''[[Phaseolus]]''
|
* ''[[Phaseolus vulgaris|P. vulgaris]]'': [[Kidney bean|kidney]], [[Pinto bean|pinto]], [[Navy bean|navy]] (cannellini, haricot/[[Green bean|French]]/pole/bush), [[Black turtle bean|black]], [[Cranberry bean|Borlotti beans]]
* ''[[Phaseolus lunatus|P. lunatus]]'': Lima beans
* ''[[Phaseolus coccineus|P. coccineus]]'': runner, flat beans
* ''[[Phaseolus acutifolius|P. acutifolius]]'': tepary bean
|[[Americas|The Americas]]
|[[Tropics|Tropical]], [[Subtropics|subtropical]], [[Temperate climate|Warm temperate]]
| Some contain high levels of toxic [[Phytohaemagglutinin|phytohemagglutinin]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nyombaire |first1=G. |last2=Siddiq |first2=M. |last3=Dolan |first3=K. |date=2007 |title=Effect of soaking and cooking on the oligosaccharides and lectins of red kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) |url=https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201300797256 |journal=Annual Report}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nciri |first1=Nader |last2=Cho |first2=Namjun |date=2017-12-15 |title=New research highlights: Impact of chronic ingestion of white kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Beldia) on small-intestinal disaccharidase activity in Wistar rats |journal=Toxicology Reports |volume=5 |pages=46–55 |doi=10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.12.016 |issn=2214-7500 |pmc=5735304 |pmid=29270365}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sun |first1=Yufeng |last2=Liu |first2=Jiameng |last3=Huang |first3=Yatao |last4=Li |first4=Minmin |last5=Lu |first5=Jia |last6=Jin |first6=Nuo |last7=He |first7=Yan |last8=Fan |first8=Bei |display-authors=5 |date=2019-01-01 |title=Phytohemagglutinin content in fresh kidney bean in China |journal=International Journal of Food Properties |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=405–413 |doi=10.1080/10942912.2019.1590399 |issn=1094-2912 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Pisum]]''
|[[Pisum sativum|''P. sativum'':]] Green/garden, white, yellow, field, [[Snow pea|snow]], and [[Snap pea|snap peas]] 
|[[Mediterranean]]
|Subtropical, temperate, occasionally cool tropical
|
|-
| ''[[Vigna]]''
|
* ''[[Mung bean|V. radiata]]'': mung bean 
* ''[[Vigna mungo|V. mungo]]'': urad bean
* ''[[Cowpea|V. unguiculata (Cowpeas)]]'': yardlong bean, black-eyed peas 
* ''[[Vigna aconitifolia|V. aconitifolia]]'': moth bean 
* ''[[Vigna angularis|V. angularis]]'': adzuki beans 
|Mostly [[South Asia]]
|Equatorial, pantropical, warm  subtropical, hot temperate
|
|-
| ''[[Cajanus]]''
| ''[[Pigeon pea|C. cajan]]'': pigeon pea
| [[Indian subcontinent|Indian Subcontinent]]
| [[Pantropical]], equatorial
|
|-
| ''[[Lens (plant)|Lens]]''
| ''[[Lens culinaris|L. culinaris]]'': red, green, and Puy lentils
| [[Near East]]/[[Levant]]
| Temperate, subtropical, cool tropical
|
|-
| ''[[Cicer]]''
| ''[[Chickpea|C. arietinum]]'': chickpeas
| [[Turkey]]/Levant/Near East
| Temperate, subtropical, cool tropical
|
|-
| ''[[Vicia]]''
|
* ''[[Vicia faba|V. faba]]'': broad beans
* ''[[Vicia ervilia|V. ervilia]]'': bitter vetch
* [[Vicia sativa|''V. sativa'':]] common vetch
|Near East
|Subtropical, temperate
|Causes [[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency|Favism]] in susceptible people.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Belsey |first=Mark A. |date=1973 |title=The epidemiology of favism |journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=1–13 |issn=0042-9686 |pmc=2481045 |pmid=4541143}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tarhani |first1=Fariba |last2=Nezami |first2=Alireza |last3=Heidari |first3=Ghobad |last4=Abdolkarimi |first4=Babak |date=2020-08-18 |title=Clinical Manifestations and Therapeutic Findings of the Children with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Presenting Favism |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32811422/ |journal=Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders Drug Targets |volume=21 |issue=6 |pages=1125–1129 |doi=10.2174/1871530320999200818182905 |pmid=32811422 |s2cid=221182334}}</ref> 
|-
| ''[[Arachis]]''
|''[[Peanut|A. hypogaea]]:'' peanut
|[[South America]]
|Warm Subtropical, cool tropical
|
|-
| ''[[Glycine (plant)|Glycine]]''
|''[[Glycine max|G. max]]'': soybean
|[[East Asia]]
|Hot temperate, Subtropical, cool tropical
|
|-
| ''[[Macrotyloma]]''
|''[[Macrotyloma uniflorum|M. uniflorum]]'': horsegram
|South Asia
|Tropical, subtropical
|
|-
| ''[[Mucuna]]''
|''[[Mucuna pruriens|M. pruriens]]:'' velvet bean
|Tropical Asia and [[Africa]]
|Tropical, Warm Subtropical
|Contains [[L-DOPA]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Raina |first1=Archana P. |last2=Khatri |first2=Renu |date=2011 |title=Quantitative Determination of L-DOPA in Seeds of Mucuna Pruriens Germplasm by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography |journal=Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences |volume=73 |issue=4 |pages=459–462 |doi=10.4103/0250-474X.95651 |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |doi-access=free |pmc=3374567 |pmid=22707835}}</ref> and smaller amounts of other psychoactive compounds. Can cause itching and rashes on contact.
|-
| ''[[Lupinus]]''
|
* ''[[Lupinus albus|L. albus]]'': white lupin
* ''[[Lupinus mutabilis|L. mutabilis]]'': tarwi/Andean lupin
|The Mediterranean, [[Balkans]], Levant  (albinus), [[Andes|The Andes]] (mutabilis) 
|Subtropical, temperate
|Requires soaking to remove toxins.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Schrenk |first1=Dieter |last2=Bodin |first2=Laurent |last3=Chipman |first3=James Kevin |last4=del Mazo |first4=Jesús |last5=Grasl-Kraupp |first5=Bettina |last6=Hogstrand |first6=Christer |last7=Hoogenboom |first7=Laurentius (Ron) |last8=Leblanc |first8=Jean-Charles |last9=Nebbia |first9=Carlo Stefano |last10=Nielsen |first10=Elsa |last11=Ntzani |first11=Evangelia |date=2019-11-05 |title=Scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids in feed and food, in particular in lupins and lupin-derived products |journal=EFSA Journal |volume=17 |issue=11 |pages=e05860 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5860 |issn=1831-4732 |pmc=7008800 |pmid=32626161}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ceratonia]]''
|''[[Ceratonia siliqua|C. siliqua]]'': carob bean
|Mediterranean, [[Middle East]]
|Subtropical, arid subtropical, hot temperate
|
|-
| ''[[Canavalia]]''
|
* ''[[Canavalia gladiata|C. gladiata:]]'' sword bean
* ''[[Canavalia ensiformis|C. ensiformis]]'': Jack beans
|South Asia or Africa (C. gladiata),  [[Brazil]] and South America (C. Ensiformis) 
|Tropical
|
|-
| ''[[Cyamopsis]]''
|''[[Cyamopsis tetragonoloba|C. tetragonoloba]]'': guar bean 
|Africa or South Asia
|Tropical, semi-arid
|Source of [[Guar gum]]
|-
| ''[[Lablab]]''
|''[[Lablab purpureus|L. purpureus]]'': hyacinth/lablab bean
|South Asia, Indian Subcontinent or Africa
|Tropical
|
|-
| ''[[Psophocarpus]]''
|''[[Psophocarpus tetragonolobus|P. tetranoglobulus]]:'' winged bean
|[[New Guinea]]
|Tropical, equatorial
|
|-
| ''[[Clitoria]]''
|''[[Clitoria ternatea|C. ternatea]]'': butterfly pea
|Equatorial and Tropical Asia
|Tropical, subtropical
|Flowers used as a [[Food coloring|natural food colouring]]
|-
| ''[[Lathyrus]]''
|
* ''[[Lathyrus sativus|L. sativus]]'': grass pea 
* ''[[Lathyrus tuberosus|L. tuberosus]]:'' tuberous pea 
|Balkans, India or Asia
|Subtropical
|Can cause [[Lathyrism]] if used as staple.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Haque |first1=A. |last2=Hossain |first2=M. |last3=Wouters |first3=G. |last4=Lambein |first4=F. |date=1996 |title=Epidemiological Study of Lathyrism in Northwestern Districts of Bangladesh |url=https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/109893 |journal=Neuroepidemiology |language=english |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=83–91 |doi=10.1159/000109893 |issn=0251-5350 |pmid=8684587}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jahan |first1=K. |last2=Ahmad |first2=K. |date=February 1993 |title=Studies on neurolathyrism |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8472656/ |journal=Environmental Research |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=259–266 |doi=10.1006/enrs.1993.1035 |pmid=8472656 |bibcode=1993ER.....60..259J }}</ref>
|}