Editing Battle of Tours (section)

===Umayyad conquests from Hispania===
{{Main|Umayyad conquest of Hispania}}
[[File:Age of Caliphs.png|thumb|The "Age of the [[Caliph]]s", showing Umayyad dominance stretching from the Middle East to the Iberian Peninsula, including the port of [[Narbonne]], c. 720]]
{{Location map many
|France
|label   = Tours
|lat     = 47.393611
|long    = 0.689167
|label2  = Autun
|lat2    = 46.9516666667
|long2   = 4.29944444444
|label3  = Narbonne
|lat3    = 43.1836
|long3   = 3.0042
|label4  = Toulouse
|lat4    = 43.6045
|long4   = 1.444
|border  = 
|caption = Modern-day French borders. Septimania runs along the Mediterranean (southeast) coast from the Spanish border, and Aquitaine is along the Atlantic (west) coast running north from Spain.
|float   = right
|width   = 250
}}
The Umayyad troops, under [[Al-Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani]], the governor-general of [[al-Andalus]], overran [[Septimania]] by 719, following their sweep up the Iberian Peninsula. Al-Samh set up his capital from 720 at [[Narbonne]], which the Moors called Arbūna. With the port of Narbonne secure, the Umayyads swiftly subdued without much resistance the cities of [[Alet-les-Bains|Alet]], [[Béziers]], [[Agde]], [[Lodève]], [[Villeneuve-lès-Maguelone|Maguelonne]], and [[Nîmes]], still controlled by their Visigothic counts.<ref name=Meadows>{{Cite web |url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199302/the.arabs.in.occitania.htm |title=Ian Meadows, "The Arabs in Occitania", Arab and Islamic Culture and Connections, Saudi Aramco World |access-date=2011-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514184310/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199302/the.arabs.in.occitania.htm |archive-date=2011-05-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Umayyad campaign into Aquitaine suffered a temporary setback at the [[Battle of Toulouse (721)|Battle of Toulouse]]. [[Odo the Great|Duke Odo the Great]] broke the siege of [[Toulouse]], taking Al-Samh ibn Malik's forces by surprise. Al-Samh ibn Malik was mortally wounded. This defeat did not stop incursions into old Roman Gaul, as Moorish forces, soundly based in Narbonne and easily resupplied by sea, struck eastwards in the 720s, penetrating and raiding into [[Burgundy]] in 725.<ref name=Meadows/>

Threatened by both the Umayyads in the south and by the Franks in the north, in 730 Odo allied himself with the Berber commander [[Munuza|Uthman ibn Naissa]], called "Munuza" by the Franks, the deputy governor of what would later become [[Catalonia]]. To seal the alliance, Uthman was given Odo's daughter Lampagie in marriage, and the Moors ceased their raids across the [[Pyrenees]], Odo's southern border.<ref name=Meadows/> However, the next year, the Berber leader killed the bishop of Urgell Nambaudus and detached himself from his Arab masters in Cordova. Abd Al Raḥman in turn sent an expedition to crush his revolt, and next directed his attention against Uthman's ally Odo.<ref>{{harvnb|Collins|1989|page=89}}</ref>

Odo collected his army at [[Bordeaux]], but was defeated, and Bordeaux was plundered. During the following [[Battle of the River Garonne]], the ''[[Chronicle of 754]]''<ref>Previously attributed to [[Chronicle of 754|Isidorus Pacensis]], [[Bishop of Beja]]&nbsp;– see, O'Callaghan, 1983, p. 189.</ref> commented that "God alone knows the number of the slain".<ref>''{{lang|la|Solus Deus numerum morientium vel pereuntium recognoscat}}'' {{harvnb|Wolf|1990|page=144}}</ref> The chronicle added that they "pierced through the mountains, trampled over rough and level ground, plundered far into the country of the Franks, and smote all with the sword, insomuch that when Eudo came to battle with them at the River Garonne, he fled."