Editing Battle of Shiloh (section)

===Union===
{{further|Shiloh Union order of battle|l1=Union order of battle}}
The two Union armies in the Battle of Shiloh were part of the Department of the Mississippi, which was commanded by Major General Henry Halleck.<ref name="Scott98">{{harvnb|Scott|1884|p=98}}</ref> Although Halleck hoped to lead the two armies in an eventual attack on Corinth, he was not present at Shiloh.<ref name="McPherson406"/> The combined armies present for the battle totaled to 66,812 men.<ref name="Daniel322">{{harvnb|Daniel|1997|p=322}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|The [[American Battlefield Trust]] uses a total of 65,085.<ref name="ABTShiloh">{{cite web
|title=Shiloh – Pittsburg Landing
|publisher=American Battlefield Trust
|url=https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/shiloh
|access-date=2022-06-13}}</ref> The [[National Park Foundation]] uses "about 65,000".<ref name="NPFShiloh">{{cite web
|title=Shiloh National Military Park
|publisher=National Park Foundation
|url=https://www.nationalparks.org/explore/parks/shiloh-national-military-park#:~:text=Shiloh%20National%20Military%20Park%20was%20established%20in%201894,resulting%20in%20nearly%2024%2C000%20killed%2C%20wounded%2C%20and%20missing.
|access-date=2022-08-13}}</ref>|group=Note}} They had 119 artillery pieces available for the battle.<ref name="Gudmens17">{{harvnb|Gudmens|Combat Studies Institute (U.S.), Staff Ride Team|2005|p=17}}</ref> The majority of the Union soldiers were armed with either a .69 [[caliber]] model 1841 rifled [[musket]] or a [[Springfield Model 1842|.69 caliber model 1842]] [[smoothbore]] musket, although a few regiments had more modern weapons such as the .58 caliber [[Springfield Model 1855]].<ref name="Gudmens17"/> A few regiments, or sometimes a few companies within a regiment, had British [[Pattern 1853 Enfield|Enfield]] or Austrian [[Lorenz rifle]]s.<ref name="Daniel108">{{harvnb|Daniel|1997|p=108}}</ref> The armies and their divisions were organized as follows:

====Army of the Tennessee====
[[Image:General U.S. Grant.tif|thumb|upright=0.5|right|[[Ulysses S. Grant|U.S. Grant]]|alt=sitting American Civil War general with beard and short hair]]
The [[Army of the Tennessee]] had the most Union men present at the battle, and it was commanded by Major General Ulysses S. Grant.<ref name="Shaara6"/><ref name="Scott100">{{harvnb|Scott|1884|p=100}}</ref> In February 1862, a smaller version of [[Ulysses S. Grant and the American Civil War#Battles of Belmont, Fort Henry, and Fort Donelson|Grant's army]], with the assistance of gunboats under the command of [[Flag officer|Flag-Officer]] [[Andrew Hull Foote|Andrew H. Foote]], had been the victor in the Battle of Fort Henry and the Battle of Fort Donelson.<ref name="Shaara5"/>{{#tag:ref|Grant received national attention after the two victories in Tennessee. The jealous Major General Halleck attempted to "knock him down" by using untrue accusations of excess drinking and neglect of reports.<ref name="Chernow189">{{harvnb|Chernow|2017|p=189}}</ref> Grant was removed from command on March 4 and replaced by Major General [[Charles Ferguson Smith|Charles F. Smith]], less than three weeks after achieving the greatest Union victory (at that time) of the war.<ref name="Daniel53">{{harvnb|Daniel|1997|p=53}}</ref> After [[President of the United States|President]] [[Abraham Lincoln]] indirectly requested backup for the accusations against Grant, and Halleck received a promotion on March 11, Halleck stated that Grant had never been insubordinate and restored him to command.<ref name="Chernow194">{{harvnb|Chernow|2017|p=194}}</ref> Grant arrived in Savannah on March 17 to reassume command.<ref name="Cunningham84">{{harvnb|Cunningham|2009|p=84}}</ref>|group=Note}} For the Battle of Shiloh, Grant's army had 48,894 men in six divisions.<ref name="Daniel322"/> Two new divisions (4th and 5th) were added to Grant's three in early March.<ref name="Cunningham74">{{harvnb|Cunningham|2009|p=74}}</ref> A  6th Division was created from reinforcement units at the beginning of April.<ref name="Cunningham107">{{harvnb|Cunningham|2009|p=107}}</ref> The divisions (and gunboats) were as follows:
* 1st Division was commanded by Major General [[John Alexander McClernand]].<ref name="Daniel319">{{harvnb|Daniel|1997|p=319}}</ref> This division consisted of veteran fighters.<ref name="Daniel106">{{harvnb|Daniel|1997|p=106}}</ref>
* 2nd Division was commanded by Brigadier General [[W. H. L. Wallace|William H. L. Wallace]].<ref name="Daniel319"/> His men were veterans, but Wallace had been newly appointed commander after an injury to Major General [[Charles Ferguson Smith|Charles F. Smith]].<ref name="Daniel109">{{harvnb|Daniel|1997|p=109}}</ref> Colonel [[James M. Tuttle]], one of the brigade commanders, would eventually lead this division.<ref name="Daniel245">{{harvnb|Daniel|1997|p=245}}</ref>
* 3rd Division was commanded by Major General [[Lew Wallace]].<ref name="Daniel319"/> Many of the men in this division were veteran fighters.<ref name="Daniel78">{{harvnb|Daniel|1997|p=78}}</ref>
* 4th Division was commanded by Brigadier General [[Stephen A. Hurlbut]].<ref name="Daniel319"/> This division contained a mixture of veterans and new soldiers.<ref name="Daniel106"/>
* 5th Division was commanded by Brigadier General [[William Tecumseh Sherman]].<ref name="Daniel320">{{harvnb|Daniel|1997|p=320}}</ref> This division had little combat experience.<ref name="McPherson408">{{harvnb|McPherson|1988|p=408}}</ref> However, when the attack at Shiloh began, Sherman was the only Union division commander on the battlefield who had been trained at the [[United States Military Academy]] (a.k.a. West Point).<ref name="Daniel109"/>
* 6th Division was commanded by Brigadier General [[Benjamin Prentiss|Benjamin M. Prentiss]].<ref name="Daniel320"/> This division did not have much combat experience.<ref name="McPherson408"/>
* Two U.S. [[Union Navy|Navy]] gunboats were used by Grant in the battle. These boats were [[Timberclad warship|timberclads]]—their armor was {{convert|5|in|cm|spell=in}} thick oak wood.<ref name="NPSBrownWaterNavy">{{cite web
|title=Wilson's Creek – Brown Water Navy
|publisher=National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior
|url=https://www.nps.gov/wicr/learn/historyculture/brown-water-navy.htm
|access-date=2022-06-04}}</ref> The [[USS Tyler|USS ''Tyler'']] was commanded by Lieutenant [[William Gwin (naval officer)|William Gwin]].<ref name="Scott109">{{harvnb|Scott|1884|p=109}}</ref> The [[USS Lexington (1861)|USS ''Lexington'']] was commanded by Lieutenant [[USS Shirk|James W. Shirk]].<ref name="Scott109"/> Both boats and their commanders had participated in the Battle of Fort Henry and the Battle of Fort Donelson.<ref name="Metcalf537-538">{{harvnb|Metcalf|1908|pp=537–538}}</ref><ref name="Cunningham60">{{harvnb|Cunningham|2009|p=60}}</ref>

====Army of the Ohio====
[[Image:Don Carlos Buell.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|right|[[Don Carlos Buell|Don C. Buell]]|alt=stern-looking American Civil War general with beard]]
The other Union army at the Battle of Shiloh was the [[Army of the Ohio]], which was commanded by Major General Don Carlos Buell.<ref name="Daniel320"/> Portions of this army did not participate in the battle. One portion remained in Nashville, and another portion moved toward [[Murfreesboro, Tennessee|Murfreesboro]] and northern Alabama.<ref name="Daniel112">{{harvnb|Daniel|1997|p=112}}</ref> Another division, plus part of a second one, did not arrive in time to participate in the battle.<ref name="Scott296">{{harvnb|Scott|1884|p=296}}</ref> The number of men present at the battle totaled to 17,918.<ref name="Daniel322"/> Although none of the regiments in Buell's army had participated in a major battle, all were well-trained and well-equipped.<ref name="Cunningham342">{{harvnb|Cunningham|2009|p=342}}</ref> The divisions in the battle were:
* 2nd Division was commanded by Brigadier General [[Alexander McDowell McCook]].<ref name="Daniel320"/>
* 4th Division was commanded by Brigadier General [[William "Bull" Nelson]].<ref name="Cunningham114">{{harvnb|Cunningham|2009|p=114}}</ref>
* 5th Division was commanded by Brigadier General [[Thomas Leonidas Crittenden|Thomas L. Crittenden]].<ref name="Daniel320"/>
* 6th Division was commanded by Brigadier General [[Thomas J. Wood]].<ref name="Daniel320"/> Only his brigades commanded by Brigadier General [[James A. Garfield]] and Colonel [[George D. Wagner]] arrived in time for the battle, and they were in place around 2:00{{nbsp}}pm on the second day. The [[57th Indiana Infantry Regiment]] was detached from Wagner's brigade to Hurlbut's division (Grant), and it was the only regiment to engage with the enemy and receive casualties.<ref name="Cunningham367">{{harvnb|Cunningham|2009|p=367}}</ref>