Editing Batch processing (section)

===Later history===
[[File:CDC NOS batch file.jpg|right|thumb|[[Control Data Corporation|CDC]] [[NOS (operating system)|NOS]] batch file to get the file STARTRK and output it to the card punch]]
The first general purpose time sharing system, [[Compatible Time-Sharing System]] (CTSS), was compatible with batch processing.  This facilitated transitioning from batch processing to [[interactive computing]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://multicians.org/thvv/compatible-time-sharing-system.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://multicians.org/thvv/compatible-time-sharing-system.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=Compatible Time-Sharing System (1961-1973): Fiftieth Anniversary Commemorative Overview |editor-last1=Walden |editor-first1=David |editor-last2=Van Vleck |editor-first2=Tom |editor2-link=Tom Van Vleck |date=2011 |publisher=IEEE Computer Society |access-date=February 20, 2022 |quote=CTSS was called “compatible” in the sense that [[History of IBM mainframe operating systems#FORTRAN Monitor System|FMS]] could be run in B-core as a “back-ground” user, nearly as efficiently as on a bare machine, and also because programs compiled for FMS batch could be loaded and executed in the “foreground” time-sharing environment (with some limitations). ... This feature allowed the Computation Center to make the transition from batch to timesharing gradually}}</ref>

From the late 1960s onwards, interactive computing such as via text-based [[computer terminal]] interfaces (as in [[Unix shell]]s or [[read-eval-print loop]]s), and later [[graphical user interface]]s became common. Non-interactive computation, both one-off jobs such as compilation, and processing of multiple items in batches, became retrospectively referred to as ''batch processing'', and the term ''batch job'' (in early use often "batch ''of'' jobs") became common. Early use is particularly found at the [[University of Michigan]], around the [[Michigan Terminal System]] (MTS).
<ref>{{cite journal
|journal=Research News
|publisher=University of Michigan
|title=The Computing Center: Coming to Terms with the IBM System/360 Model 67
|volume=20
|year=1969
|issue=Nov/Dec
|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Qs9VAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA122&dq=%22batch+job%22 10]
}}</ref>

Although timesharing did exist, its use was not robust enough for corporate data processing; none of this was related to the earlier [[unit record equipment]], which was human-operated.