Editing Basra (section)

===Umayyad Caliphate: 661–750===
The [[Sufyanids]] held Basra until [[Yazid I]]'s death in 683.<ref>{{Cite web |last=J |first=Nabeela |date=2018-10-09 |title=Was Rabi’a Basri – The Single Most Influential Sufi Woman – A Feminist? |url=https://feminisminindia.com/2018/10/10/rabia-basri-sufi-woman-feminist/ |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=Feminism in India |language=en-GB}}</ref> The Sufyanids' first governor was Umayyad ʿAbdullah, a renowned military leader, commanding fealty and financial demands from Karballah, but poor governor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Basra, Iraq |url=https://www.meherbabatravels.com/location-gallery/iraq/basra-iraq/ |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=meherbabatravels jimdo page! |language=en-US}}</ref> In 664, [[Mu'awiya I]] replaced him with [[Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan]], often called "ibn Abihi" ("son of his own father"), who became infamous for his draconian rules regarding public order.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Muawiya: The Ramadan series about an early Islamic ruler that’s causing a stir |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/muawiya-series-about-early-islamic-ruler-causing-stir |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> On Ziyad's death in 673, his son [[Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad|ʿUbayd Allah ibn Ziyad]] became governor. In 680, Yazid I ordered ʿUbayd Allah to keep order in [[Kufa]] as a reaction to [[Husayn ibn Ali]]'s popularity as the grandson of the [[Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]].<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |title=IRAQ i. IN THE LATE SASANID AND EARLY ISLAMIC ERAS |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iraq-i-late-sasanid-early-islamic/ |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica |language=en-US}}</ref> 'Ubayd Allah took over the control of [[Kufa]].<ref name=":17" /> Husayn sent his cousin as an ambassador to the people of Kufa, but ʿUbaydullah executed Husayn cousin [[Muslim ibn Aqil]] amid fears of an uprising.<ref name=":17" /> ʿUbayd Allah amassed an army of thousands of soldiers and fought Husayn's army of approximately 70 in a place called [[Karbala]] near Kufa.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Syed Muhammad |title=Battle of Karbala |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1645/battle-of-karbala/ |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> ʿUbayd Allah's army was victorious; Husayn and his followers were killed and their heads were sent to Yazid as proof.<ref name=":18" />

Ibn al-Harith spent his year in office trying to put down Nafi' ibn al-Azraq's [[Kharijites|Kharijite]] uprising in [[Khuzestan Province|Khuzestan]]. In 685, Ibn al-Zubayr, requiring a practical ruler, appointed [[Umar ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Ma'mar]]<ref>(Madelung p. 303–04)</ref> Finally, Ibn al-Zubayr appointed his own brother Mus'ab. In 686, the revolutionary [[al-Mukhtar]] led an insurrection at Kufa, and put an end to ʿUbaydullah ibn Ziyad near [[Mosul]]. In 687, Musʿab defeated al-Mukhtar with the help of Kufans who Mukhtar exiled.<ref>(Brock p.66)</ref>

[[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]] reconquered Basra in 691, and Basra remained loyal to his governor al-Hajjaj during Ibn Ashʿath's mutiny (699–702). However, Basra did support the rebellion of Yazid ibn al-Muhallab against [[Yazid II]] during the 720s.