Editing Barisan Nasional (section)

=== 2008–2018 ===
In the [[Malaysian general election, 2008|2008 general election]], Barisan Nasional lost more than one-third of the [[Parliament of Malaysia|parliamentary]] seats to [[Pakatan Rakyat]], a loose alliance of opposition parties. This marked Barisan's first failure to secure a two-thirds [[supermajority]] in Parliament since 1969. Five state governments, namely [[Selangor]], [[Kelantan]], [[Penang]], [[Perak]] and [[Kedah]] fell to [[Pakatan Rakyat]]. Perak however was later returned via a court ruling following a [[2009 Perak constitutional crisis|constitutional crisis]].  Since 2008, the coalition has seen its non-Malay component parties greatly diminished in the peninsula.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-election/malaysia-coalition-extends-rule-despite-worst-electoral-showing-idUSBRE9430B720130505|title=Malaysia coalition extends rule despite worst electoral showing|author1=Stuart Grudgings|author2=Al-Zaquan Amer Hamzah|author3=Niluksi Koswanage|author4=Raju Gopalakrishnan|work=[[Reuters]]|date=5 May 2013|access-date=6 May 2013}}</ref>

The losses continued in the [[Malaysian general election, 2013|2013 general election]], and it recorded its worst election result at the time. BN regained [[Kedah]] but lost several more seats in Parliament along with the popular vote to Pakatan. Despite winning only 47% of the popular vote, it managed to gain 60% of the 222 parliamentary seats, thereby retaining control of the parliament.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21577390-after-tainted-election-victory-najib-razak-needs-show-his-reformist-mettle-dangerous|title=A dangerous result|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=11 May 2013|access-date=11 May 2013}}</ref> The [[1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal|1MDB scandal]], which erupted in 2015, further damaged BN's reputation.

And finally, during the [[Malaysian general election, 2018|2018 general election]], Barisan Nasional lost control of the parliament to [[Pakatan Harapan]], winning a total of only 79 parliamentary seats. The crushing defeat ended their 61-year rule of the country, taken together with its predecessor (Alliance), and this paved the way for the first change of government in Malaysian history. The coalition won only 34% of the popular vote amid vote split of [[Malaysian Islamic Party|Islamic Party]]. In addition to their failure in regaining the Penang, Selangor and Kelantan state governments, six state governments, namely [[Johor]], [[Malacca]], [[Negeri Sembilan]], [[Perak]], [[Kedah]] and [[Sabah]] fell to [[Pakatan Harapan]] and [[Parti Warisan Sabah|WARISAN]] (Sabah). The [[Terengganu]] state government also fell but to the [[Gagasan Sejahtera]]. Barisan Nasional was only in power in three states; namely [[Perlis]], [[Pahang]] and [[Sarawak]].

Many of BN's component parties left the coalition following its humiliating defeat at the 2018 general election, reducing its number to 4 compared to 13 before the election.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2018/09/30/pbrs-will-remain-with-bn-for-now-says-kurup|title=PBRS will remain with BN for now, says Kurup|agency=Free Malaysia Today|date=September 30, 2018}}</ref> These parties either aligned themselves with the new Pakatan Harapan federal government, formed a new state-based pact or remained independent. They include three Sabah-based parties ([[United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation|UPKO]], [[United Sabah Party|PBS]] and [[Liberal Democratic Party (Malaysia)|LDP]]),<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2018/05/368460/warisan-now-has-35-seats-enough-form-state-government-shafie-nsttv|title=Warisan now has 35 seats, enough to form state government: Shafie [NSTTV]|author1=Avila Geraldine|author2=Norasikin Daineh|newspaper=New Straits Times|date=11 May 2018|access-date=12 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/politik/2018/05/424813/pbs-keluar-bn-bentuk-gabungan-bersatu|title=PBS keluar BN, bentuk Gabungan Bersatu|language=ms|publisher=Berita Harian|date=12 May 2018|access-date=12 May 2018}}</ref> four Sarawak-based parties ([[Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu|PBB]], [[Sarawak United Peoples' Party|SUPP]], [[Parti Rakyat Sarawak|PRS]] and [[Progressive Democratic Party (Malaysia)|PDP]], which formed a new state-based pact [[Gabungan Parti Sarawak|GPS]]),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/06/12/sarawak-bn-parties-pull-out-of-coalition/|title=Sarawak BN parties pull out of coalition to form independent state-based pact|author1=Sharon Ling|author2=Geryl Ogilvy|work=The Star|date=12 June 2018|access-date=12 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/commentary/sarawak-parties-leave-barisan-nasional-end-of-coalition-10430826|title=Commentary: Free from the shackles of a fallen coalition, does Sarawak parties leaving spell the end of the Barisan Nasional?|author=Lee Poh Onn|publisher=Channel NewsAsia|date=15 June 2018|access-date=15 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612100628/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/commentary/sarawak-parties-leave-barisan-nasional-end-of-coalition-10430826|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{Proper name|[[People's Progressive Party (Malaysia)|myPPP]]}} (under Kayveas faction)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2018/05/371060/myppp-leaves-bn-immediate-effect|title=MyPPP leaves BN with immediate effect|newspaper=New Straits Times|date=19 May 2018|access-date=19 May 2018}}</ref> and [[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia|Gerakan]].<ref name="Gerakan leaves Barisan Nasional">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2018/06/383177/gerakan-leaves-barisan-nasional|title=Gerakan leaves Barisan Nasional|newspaper=New Straits Times|date=23 June 2018|access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref> {{Proper name|myPPP}} experienced a leadership dispute, with Maglin announcing that the party remained within the coalition and Kayveas announcing that the party had left the coalition, resulting in the dissolution of the party on 14 January 2019.

Among the remaining four component parties in Barisan National, UMNO's parliamentary seats have reduced from 54 to 38 since 16 members of parliament left the party,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/06/24/bagan-serai-mp-quits-umno/|title=Bagan Serai MP quits Umno, pledges support for Pakatan Harapan|author=Ivan Loh|work=The Star|date=24 June 2018|access-date=24 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2018/06/27/bukit-gantang-mp-quits-umno/|title=Bukit Gantang MP quits Umno|work=Free Malaysia Today|date=27 June 2018|access-date=27 June 2018|archive-date=1 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101112204/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2018/06/27/bukit-gantang-mp-quits-umno/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/07/01/former-puteri-umno-chief-quits-party/|title=Former Puteri Umno chief quits party, upset with results of polls|work=The Star|date=1 July 2018|access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/09/19/mustapa-quits-umno-after-40-years/|title=Mustapa quits Umno after 40 years - Nation {{!}} The Star Online|website=www.thestar.com.my|date=19 September 2018 |access-date=2018-09-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/09/19/anifah-i-quit-umno-in-the-interest-of-sabah-rights/|title=Anifah: I quit Umno in the interest of Sabah rights - Nation {{!}} The Star Online|website=www.thestar.com.my|date=19 September 2018 |access-date=2018-09-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/10/11/labuan-mp-quits-umno-to-join-warisan/|title=Labuan MP quits Umno to join Warisan - Nation {{!}} The Star Online|website=www.thestar.com.my|date=11 October 2018 |access-date=2018-10-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/12/sabah-umno-exodus-begins-with-nine-of-10-assemblymen-leaving-party/|title=Sabah Umno exodus sees nine of 10 Aduns, five of six MPs leave - Nation {{!}} The Star Online|last1=Vanar|first1=Muguntan|last2=Lee|first2=Stephanie|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=2018-12-14|last3=Joibi|first3=Natasha|date=12 December 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/14/six-umno-mps-leave-the-party/|title=Six Umno MPs leave the party - Nation {{!}} The Star Online|website=www.thestar.com.my|date=14 December 2018 |access-date=2018-12-14}}</ref> while MCA's parliamentary seat maintains one. MIC's parliamentary seats have reduced from two to one after the Election Court nullified the results of the election for the [[Cameron Highlands (federal constituency)|Cameron Highlands federal constituency]] due to bribery,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/11/30/court-nullifies-bns-ge14-victory-for-cameron-highlands-seat/|title=Court nullifies BN's GE14 victory for Cameron Highlands seat (Updated) - Nation {{!}} The Star Online|last=Hamdan|first=Nurbaiti|website=www.thestar.com.my|date=30 November 2018 |access-date=2018-12-14}}</ref> but BN regained its seat from a direct member under the [[2019 Cameron Highlands by-election|2019 by-election]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesundaily.my/local/bn-retains-cameron-highlands-parliamentary-seat-AN438741|title=BN retains Cameron Highlands parliamentary seat|website=www.thesundaily.my|language=en|access-date=2019-01-27}}</ref>

As a result of these developments, BN's parliamentary seats have reduced to 41, compared with 79 seats that BN won in the general election.

MCA and MIC made a statement in March 2019 that they want to "move on" and find a new alliance following disputes with the secretary-general, [[Nazri Abdul Aziz]]. Mohamad Hasan, the acting BN chairman, chaired a Supreme Council meeting in which all parties showed no consensus on dissolving the coalition.