Editing Barbuda (section)

=== Colonial period ===
[[Christopher Columbus]] traveled through the eastern Caribbean south of Antigua in 1493, but it's unclear if he ever sighted Barbuda.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://barbudaful.net/barbudaful-history/history/ |title=historical notes |access-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-date=July 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722171941/https://barbudaful.net/barbudaful-history/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Under a Letters Patent granted to the [[Earl of Carlisle]] in 1625, Captain Smith and John Littleton attempted to colonize Barbuda from St. Kitts.<ref name=":2" /> Barbuda was referred to as "Barbado" in these Letters Patent.<ref name=":2" /> Due to strong Kalinago resistance, this attempt at colonization was unsuccessful; however, subsequent early settlers called Barbuda "Dulcina",<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2023 |title=Antigua and Barbuda {{!}} History, Geography, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Antigua-and-Barbuda |access-date=August 1, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403214208/https://www.britannica.com/place/Antigua-and-Barbuda |url-status=live }}</ref> and by 1666 the village of Codrington had become the primary residential area.<ref name=":2" /> In 1678, Barbuda was colonized.<ref name=":3" /> The island was given to the Codrington family by the crown in 1685.<ref name=":3" /> The colonisers intended Barbuda to be a slave forced reproduction colony but this never went through.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lowenthal |first1=David |last2=Clarke |first2=Colin G. |title=Slave-Breeding in Barbuda: The Past of a Negro Myth |date=1977 |url=https://www.academia.edu/48964852 |journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |volume=292 |issue=1 Comparative P |pages=510–535 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb47770.x |bibcode=1977NYASA.292..510L |s2cid=84773420 |issn=0077-8923 |access-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-date=September 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928201350/https://www.academia.edu/48964852 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lowenthal |first1=David |last2=Clarke |first2=Colin G. |title=Slave-Breeding in Barbuda: The Past of a Negro Myth |date=June 1977 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb47770.x |journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=292 |issue=1 Comparative P |pages=510–535 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb47770.x |bibcode=1977NYASA.292..510L |s2cid=84773420 |issn=0077-8923 }}</ref>

The Codrington family held Barbuda from 1685 to 1870, and were absentee owners of the island.<ref name="Tweedy">{{Cite thesis |title=A history of Barbuda under the Codringtons 1738–1833 |url=https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/5356/#:~:text=Barbuda,%20a%20flat%20island%20twenty,by%201738%20concentrated%20in%20Antigua. |publisher=University of Birmingham |date=1981 |degree=m_mlitt |language=English |first=Margaret T. |last=Tweedy |access-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802000714/https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/5356/#:~:text=Barbuda,%20a%20flat%20island%20twenty,by%201738%20concentrated%20in%20Antigua. |url-status=live }}</ref> The Codringtons were represented on Barbuda by [[List of Attorneys and Resident Managers of Barbuda|their resident managers]].<ref name="Tweedy"/> The slave population in Barbuda grew from 172 in 1746 to 503 in 1831.<ref name="Tweedy"/> Due to the increase in the slave population, to increase profits, the Codringtons attempted to transfer some of slaves to Antigua, which was ultimately unsuccessful.<ref name="Tweedy"/>

Beach's Rebellion, the first slave rebellion on Barbuda, occurred in 1741 as a result of claims of cruel and inhuman treatment of the island's slaves by the island manager Thomas Beach.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=MBE |first=Agnes C. Meeker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KKyIDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Beach%27s+Rebellion%22&pg=PT369 |title=Plantations of Antigua: the Sweet Success of Sugar (Volume 2): A Biography of the Historic Plantations Which Made Antigua a Major Source of the World's Early Sugar Supply |date=October 19, 2018 |publisher=AuthorHouse |isbn=978-1-5462-3973-4 |language=en |access-date=August 10, 2023 |archive-date=September 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928201351/https://books.google.com/books?id=KKyIDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Beach%27s%20Rebellion%22&pg=PT369 |url-status=live }}</ref> This resulted in the killing of several animals, property of the Codringtons damaged, and the escape of several slaves.<ref name=":6" /> In 1774,<ref name=":6" /> another island manager, named McNish, was killed with seized arms<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://antiguaobserver.com/questions-from-barbudans-to-antiguans-and-vice-versa/ |title=Questions from Barbudans to Antiguans and vice versa &#124; Antigua Observer Newspaper |date=August 6, 2020 |access-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802002520/https://antiguaobserver.com/questions-from-barbudans-to-antiguans-and-vice-versa/ |url-status=live }}</ref> after the mutilation of slaves as a punishment for stealing sheep and cattle.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last1=Museum |first1=Carnegie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7O8dAQAAMAAJ&q=to+put+down+the+rebellion |title=Annals of the Carnegie Museum |last2=History |first2=Carnegie Museum of Natural |date=1997 |publisher=authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute |language=en |access-date=August 10, 2023 |archive-date=September 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928201350/https://books.google.com/books?id=7O8dAQAAMAAJ&q=to+put+down+the+rebellion |url-status=live }}</ref> The slaves successfully occupied the Codringtons' castle and its arms and ammunition.<ref name=":7" /> To put down the rebellion, soldiers were brought from Antigua, and two slaves (known as "afro heroes")<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=castle |url=https://sites.rootsweb.com/~atgwgw/sketches/castle.html |access-date=August 2, 2023 |website=sites.rootsweb.com |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802002519/https://sites.rootsweb.com/~atgwgw/sketches/castle.html |url-status=live }}</ref> were burned alive in front of the castle at the main gate.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":8" />

In 1834, slavery was abolished in Barbuda per the [[Slavery Abolition Act 1833]]. Because the entire island had been covered by a single land grant, the Barbudans kept on autonomous cultivation on communal property after slavery's abolition.

In 1860, Barbuda was annexed as a dependency of Antigua, after the passing of the [[Barbuda (Extension of Laws of Antigua) Act]] (c. 43 (Antigua)) in 1859. This made Barbuda subject to the laws of the Antigua colony.