Editing Barbarian (section)

===Other cultures===
The Greek term ''barbaros'' was the etymological source for many words meaning "barbarian", including English ''barbarian'', which was first recorded in 16th century [[Middle English]].

A word ''barbara- (बर्बर)'' is also found in the [[Sanskrit]] of ancient India, with the primary meaning of "cruel" and also "stammering" (बड़बड़), implying someone with an unfamiliar language.<ref>[http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=barbara&direction=SE&script=HK&link=yes&beginning= Barbara  (entry)] SpokenSanskrit.de</ref><ref>S Apte (1920), [http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/serveimg.pl?file=/scans/AEScan/AEScanjpg/ae0167-foible.jpg Apte English–Sanskrit Dictionary], "Fool" entry, 3rd ed., Pune</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=dLUKaou4KcMC A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages], Monier Monier-Williams (1898), Ernst Leumann, Carl Cappeller, pub. Asian Educational Services (Google Books)</ref> The Greek word ''barbaros'' is related to Sanskrit ''barbaras'' (stammering).<ref>Onions, C.T. (1966), edited by, The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, page 74, [[The Clarendon Press]], Oxford.</ref> This Indo-European root is also found in Latin ''balbutire / balbus'' for "stammer / stammering" (leading to Italian ''balbettare'', Spanish ''balbucear'' and French ''balbutier'') and Czech {{Lang|cs|brblat}} "to stammer".<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=barbarian&allowed_in_frame=0 Barbarian], Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper (2015)</ref> The verb ''baṛbaṛānā'' in both contemporary [[Hindi]] (बड़बड़ाना) as well as [[Urdu]] (بڑبڑانا) means 'to babble, to speak gibberish, to rave incoherently'.<ref>[https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE बड़बड़ाना] Wiktionary</ref>

In Aramaic, Old Persian and Arabic context, the root refers to "babble confusedly". It appears as ''barbary'' or in Old French ''barbarie'', itself derived from the Arabic ''Barbar'', ''[[Berbers|Berber]]'', which is an ancient Arabic term for the North African inhabitants west of Egypt. The Arabic word might be ultimately from Greek ''barbaria''.<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Barbary&allowed_in_frame=0 Barbary], Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper (2015)</ref>