Editing Barbara Hepworth (section)

===St Ives===
[[File:Barbara Hepworth monolyth empyrean.jpg|thumb|right|''Monolith-Empyrean'', 1953.]]
Hepworth, Nicholson and their children went to live in Cornwall at the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939.<ref name=tate/><ref name="Phaidon Editors">{{cite book |title=Great Women Artists |year=2019 |publisher=Phaidon Press |isbn=978-0-7148-7877-5 |page=183}}</ref> She lived in Trewyn Studios in [[St Ives, Cornwall|St Ives]] from 1949 until her death in 1975. Trewyn Studios had once been an outbuilding of Trewyn House, later purchased by her pupil and assistant [[John Milne (sculptor)|John Milne]] in 1956.<ref>{{cite web|title='Credo', John Milne, 1974|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/milne-credo-t15361|first=Andrew |last=Wilson|date=June 2019|access-date=11 January 2023|website=Tate}}</ref><ref name=tate/> She said that "Finding Trewyn Studio was sort of magic. Here was a studio, a yard, and garden where I could work in open air and space."<ref name=tate/> St Ives had become a refuge for many artists during the war. On 8 February 1949, Hepworth and Nicholson co-founded the [[Penwith Society of Arts]] at the Castle Inn; 19 artists were founding members, including [[Peter Lanyon]] and [[Bernard Leach]].
<ref name=penwith/>

Hepworth was also a skilled draughtsperson. After her daughter Sarah was hospitalised in 1944, she struck up a close friendship with the surgeon Norman Capener.<ref name="pallant2012">{{cite web|title=Barbara Hepworth: The Hospital Drawings 27th November 2012|url=http://pallant.org.uk/about1/press-office/press-releases/2012/barbara-hepworth-hospital-drawings|website=pallant.org.uk|publisher=Pallant House Gallery|access-date=11 February 2016|archive-date=15 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215233228/http://pallant.org.uk/about1/press-office/press-releases/2012/barbara-hepworth-hospital-drawings|url-status=dead}}</ref> At Capener's invitation, she was invited to view surgical procedures and, between 1947 and 1949, she produced nearly 80 drawings of operating rooms in chalk, ink, and pencil.<ref name="pallant2012"/><ref name="hepburn2013">{{cite book| publisher = Tate| isbn = 978-1-84976-165-9| last = Hepburn| first = Nathaniel| title = Barbara Hepworth: The Hospital Drawings| location = New York| year=2013}}</ref> Hepworth was fascinated by the similarities between surgeons and artists, stating: "There is, it seems to me, a close affinity between the work and approach of both physicians and surgeons, and painters and sculptors."<ref name="pallant2012"/>

In 1950, works by Hepworth were exhibited in the British Pavilion at the XXV [[Venice Biennale]]<ref name=bio/> alongside works by [[Matthew Smith (painter)|Matthew Smith]] and [[John Constable]].<ref name=british/> The 1950 Biennale was the last time that contemporary British artists were exhibited alongside artists from the past.<ref name=british/> Two early public commissions, ''[[Contrapunctal Forms (sculpture)|Contrapunctal Forms]]'' and ''[[Turning Forms]]'', were exhibited at the [[Festival of Britain]] in 1951.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://heni.com/talks/harlow-hepworth|author=Irena Posner|title=Harlow's Hidden Hepworth Sculpture|work=HENI Talks}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://hepworthwakefield.org/our-story/hepworth-research-network/events/revisiting-turning-forms/|title=Revisiting Turning Forms|work=The Hepworth Wakefield}}</ref> 

During this period, Hepworth and Nicholson divorced (1951).<ref name=riggs/> Hepworth moved away from working only in stone or wood and began to work with bronze and clay.<ref name=tate/> Hepworth often used her garden in St Ives, which she designed with her friend the composer [[Priaulx Rainier]], to view her large-scale bronzes.<ref name=tate/>

====Death of her son Paul====
[[File:Corinthos by Barbara Hepworth, Tate Liverpool.jpg|thumb|right|''Corinthos'' (sculpted in [[guarea]] wood), 1954–55, at [[Tate Liverpool]].<ref name="Corinthos">{{cite web| url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/hepworth-corinthos-t00531/text-catalogue-entry | title=Corinthos 1954–55 | publisher=[[Tate Gallery]] | location=UK | access-date=5 August 2015 }}</ref>]]
Her eldest son Paul was killed on 13 February 1953 in a plane crash while serving with the [[Royal Air Force]] in Thailand.<ref name=stephens/> A memorial to him, ''Madonna and Child'', is in the [[St Ia's Church, St Ives|parish church of St Ives]].<ref name=bio1/>

Exhausted, in part from her son's death, Hepworth travelled to Greece with her friend [[Margaret Gardiner (art collector)|Margaret Gardiner]] in August 1954.<ref name=stephens/> They visited [[Athens]], [[Delphi]] and many of the [[Aegean Islands]].<ref name=stephens/>

When Hepworth returned to St Ives from Greece in August 1954 she found that Gardiner had sent her a large shipment of Nigerian [[guarea]] hardwood.<ref name = stephens/> Although she received only a single tree trunk, Hepworth noted that the shipment from Nigeria to the Tilbury docks came in at 17 tons.<ref name = stephens/> Between 1954 and 1956 Hepworth sculpted six pieces out of guarea wood, many of which were inspired by her trip to Greece, such as ''Corinthos'' (1954) and ''Curved Form (Delphi)'' (1955).<ref name = stephens/>