Editing B-spline (section)

===P-spline===

The term P-spline stands for "penalized B-spline". It refers to using the B-spline representation where the coefficients are determined partly by the data to be [[Curve fitting|fitted]], and partly by an additional [[penalty function]] that aims to impose [[smoothness]] to avoid [[overfitting]].<ref>Eilers, P. H. C. and Marx, B. D. (1996). Flexible smoothing with B-splines and penalties (with comments and rejoinder). Statistical Science 11(2): 89–121.</ref>

Two- and multidimensional P-spline approximations of data can use the [[face-splitting product]] of matrices to the minimization of calculation operations.<ref name="spline">{{cite journal |last1=Eilers |first1=Paul H. C. |last2=Marx |first2=Brian D. |year=2003 |title=Multivariate calibration with temperature interaction using two-dimensional penalized signal regression |journal=Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=159–174 |doi=10.1016/S0169-7439(03)00029-7}}</ref>