Editing Auguste and Louis Lumière (section)

== Film systems that preceded the Cinématographe Lumière ==
{{Main|History of film technology}}
{{more citations needed|section|date=December 2020}}
[[File:Lumière House Lyon.jpg|right|thumb|upright=.8|Their father's house in [[Lyon]] houses the [[Institut Lumière]] museum.]]

Earlier moving images, for instance those of the [[phantasmagoria]] shows, the [[phenakistiscope|phénakisticope]], the [[zoetrope]] and [[Émile Reynaud]]'s [[Théâtre Optique]] consisted of hand-drawn images. A system that could record photographic reality in motion, in a fashion much like it is seen by the eyes, had a greater impact on people.

[[Eadweard Muybridge]]'s [[Zoopraxiscope]] projected moving painted silhouettes based on his [[chronophotography|chronophotographic work]]. The only Zoopraxiscope disc with actual photographs was made as an early form of [[stop motion]].

Less-known predecessors, such as [[Jules Duboscq]]'s Bioscope (patented in 1852) were not developed to project the moving images.

A Polish inventor [[Kazimierz Prószyński]] built his camera and projecting device, called [[Pleograph]], in 1894, before those made by the Lumière brothers.

[[Louis Le Prince|Le Prince]] went missing in 1890, before he got around to give public demonstrations of the patented cameras and projectors he had been developing during the previous years. His short film known as ''[[Roundhay Garden Scene]]'' (1888) has later come to be regarded as the oldest film.

[[William Friese-Greene]] patented a "machine camera" in 1889, which embodied many aspects of later film cameras. He displayed the results at photographic societies in 1890 and developed further cameras but did not publicly project the results.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=In the beginning: cinema's murky origin story|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/features/origins-cinema-early-inventors-pioneers|access-date=2 March 2021|website=BFI|date=27 February 2021|language=en|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301123613/https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/features/origins-cinema-early-inventors-pioneers|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=William Friese-Greene|url=http://www.victorian-cinema.net/friesegreene|access-date=21 November 2018|website=www.victorian-cinema.net|archive-date=5 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105020847/http://www.victorian-cinema.net/friesegreene|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Ottomar Anschütz]]'s [[Electrotachyscope]] projected very short loops of high photographic quality.

[[Thomas Edison]] believed projection of films wasn't as viable a business model as offering the films in the "peepshow" [[kinetoscope]] device. Watching the images on the screen turned out to be much preferred by audiences. [[Thomas Edison]]'s [[Kinetoscope]] (developed by [[William Kennedy Dickson]]), premiered publicly in 1894.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chronology of Film Shows pre-1896|url=http://www.victorian-cinema.net/when_chrono|access-date=21 November 2018|website=www.victorian-cinema.net|archive-date=26 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126132945/http://www.victorian-cinema.net/when_chrono|url-status=live}}</ref>

Lauste and Latham's [[Eidoloscope]] was demonstrated for members of the press on 21 April 1895, and opened to the paying public on Broadway on 20 May.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Streible|first1=Dan|title=Fight Pictures: A History of Boxing and Early Cinema|date=11 April 2008|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520940581|pages=46|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bpc1fk5T5dYC&pg=PA46|access-date=16 May 2016}}</ref> They shot films up to twenty minutes long at speeds over thirty frames per second and showed them in many US cities.<ref name=":0" /> The Eidoloscope Company was dissolved in 1896 after various internal disputes.

[[Max Skladanowsky|Max and Emil Skladanowsky]], inventors of the [[Bioscop]], had offered projected moving images to a paying public in [[Berlin]] from 1 November 1895, until the end of the month. Their machinery was relatively cumbersome and their films much shorter than those of the Lumière brothers. The Skladnowskys' booked screenings in Paris were cancelled after the news of the Lumière show. Nonetheless, they toured their films to other countries.<ref name=":0" />