Editing Arrian (section)

=== ''Discourses of Epictetus'' and ''Enchiridion of Epictetus'' ===
{{Main|Discourses of Epictetus|Enchiridion of Epictetus}}
Arrian was a pupil of [[Epictetus]] around 108 AD, and, according to his own account, he was moved to publish his notes of Epictetus' lectures, which are known as ''[[Discourses of Epictetus]]'', by their unauthorized dissemination.<ref name="Hans-Josef Klauck" /><ref>EL Bowie, [https://books.google.com/books?id=jJjiYdxHmPMC&dq=date+of+birth+of+Arrian&pg=PA48 Sage and Emperor: Plutarch, Greek Intellectuals, and Roman Power in the Time of Trajan (98–117 A.D.) (p. 48)] Leuven University Press, 1 January 2002 (edited by PA Stadter, L. Van der Stockt), {{ISBN|9058672395}} [Retrieved 5 April 2015]</ref> According to [[George Long (scholar)|George Long]], Arrian noted from Epictetus' lectures for his private use and some time later made of these, the ''Discourses''. Photius states that Arrian produced two books the ''Dissertations'' and the ''Discourses''. The Discourses are also known as ''Diatribai'' and are apparently a verbatim recording of Epictetus' lectures.<ref name="M.C. Howatson">{{cite book |author=M.C. Howatson|title=The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature|page=73|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2013 |isbn= 978-0199548552}} (... ''Enchiridion a summary of the Discourses'')</ref><ref>George Long, [https://books.google.com/books?id=yDdJasgwlL8C&dq=Discourses+Dissertations+on+Epictetus+by+Arrian&pg=PA68 Arrian : The Discourses of Epictetus – Special Edition (p. vii)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414132528/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=yDdJasgwlL8C&pg=PA68&dq=Discourses+Dissertations+on+Epictetus+by+Arrian&hl=en&sa=X&ei=SIUgVe2RE8L4aKn2gLgB&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Discourses%20Dissertations%20on%20Epictetus%20by%20Arrian&f=false |date=14 April 2015 }} Special Edition Books, 2010 {{ISBN|1934255319}} [Retrieved 5 April 2015]</ref><ref>[[Nathaniel Lardner]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=3pAtqGzC6vkC&dq=Dissertations+Arrian&pg=PA86 The works of Nathaniel Lardner, D.D. with a life by Dr. Kippis ...] W. Bal, 1838 [Retrieved 5 April 2015]</ref>

The ''[[Enchiridion of Epictetus|Enchiridion]]'' is a short compendium of all Epictetus' philosophical principles. It is also known as a handbook, and A Mehl considers the ''Enchiridion'' to have been a ''[[Wikt:vade mecum|vade mecum]]'' for Arrian. The ''Enchiridion'' is apparently a summary of the Discourses.<ref name="Le Clerc, Jean, Rooke, John" /><ref name="JS Romm" /><ref name="A Mehl">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0W1rpowMywYC&q=fragment+FGrH+156&pg=PA182|author=A Mehl|title=Roman Historiography|publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn= 978-1405121835| access-date=6 April 2015|date=2011}} (ed. this the first source for < History of the Diadochi >)</ref><ref>Definitions of < vade mecum > [https://web.archive.org/web/20130716172927/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/vade-mecum Oxford University], [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/vade%20mecum Merriam-Webster] [Retrieved 2015-04-05]</ref><ref name="M.C. Howatson" />

[[Epictetus#Military|JB Stockdale]] considered that Arrian wrote eight books of which {{Clarify|text=four were lost by the Middle Ages|date=September 2023|reason= already lost "by" the Middle Ages, or lost "during" the Middle Ages?}}  and the remaining ones became the ''Discourses''. In a comparison of the contents of the ''Enchiridion'' with the ''Discourses'', it is apparent that the former contains material not present within the latter, suggesting an original lost source for the ''Enchiridion''.<ref name="Hans-Josef Klauck" /><ref>[[Vice Admiral James Bond Stockdale|Vice Admiral JB Stockdale]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=tfUl3d8rKzgC&dq=Arrian+-+The+Discourses+of+Epictetus&pg=PA3 Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus's Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior] Hoover Press, 1993 {{ISBN|0817936920}} [Retrieved 5 April 2015]</ref><ref>KH Seddon [http://www.iep.utm.edu/epictetu/#SH2b – Epictetus] ''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' [Retrieved 6 April 2015]</ref>