Editing Around the World in Eighty Days (section)

==Origins==
The idea of a trip around the world within a set period had clear external origins. It was popular before Verne published his book in 1873. Even the title ''Around the World in Eighty Days'' is not original. Several sources have been hypothesized as the origins of the story.<ref name=butcher/>

Another early reference comes from the Italian traveler Giovanni Francesco [[Gemelli Careri]]. He wrote a book in 1699 that was translated into French: Voyage around the World or ''Voyage du Tour du Monde'' (1719, Paris).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Careri|first1=Giovanni Francesco Gemelli|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K1AGAAAAQAAJ|title=Voyage du Tour du Monde (1719, Paris)|last2=Noble|first2=Eustache Le|year=1719|access-date=21 October 2016|archive-date=22 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422214027/https://books.google.com/books?id=K1AGAAAAQAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

''Around the World by Steam, via Pacific Railway'', was published in 1871 by the [[Union Pacific Railroad Company]], and an ''Around the World in A Hundred and Twenty Days'' by Edmond Planchut. In early 1870, the Erie Railway Company published a statement of routes, times, and distances detailing a trip around the globe of {{convert|23,739|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} in 77 days and 21 hours.<ref name="newspaper_reference">''The Kansas Daily Tribune'', 5 February 1870.</ref>

American [[William Perry Fogg]] traveled the world, describing his tour in a series of letters to ''[[The Plain Dealer|The Cleveland Leader]]'' newspaper, entitled, ''Round the World: Letters from Japan, China, India, and Egypt'' (1872).<ref>Stephen Kern, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Co7ipk-yOs0C&pg=PA212 ''The Culture of Time and Space, 1880-1918: With a New Preface''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726092053/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Co7ipk-yOs0C&pg=PA212 |date=26 July 2020 }}, Harvard University Press (2003) - Google Books pg. 212</ref><ref>Joyce E. Chaplin, [https://books.google.com/books?id=F2wTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA215 ''Round About the Earth: Circumnavigation from Magellan to Orbit''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726113830/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=F2wTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA215 |date=26 July 2020 }}, Simon & Schuster Paperbacks (2012) - Google Books pg. 215</ref>

In 1872, [[Thomas Cook]] organised the first around-the-world tourist trip, leaving on 20 September 1872 and returning seven months later. The journey was described in a series of letters published in 1873 as ''Letter from the Sea and from Foreign Lands, Descriptive of a tour Round the World.'' Scholars have pointed out similarities between Verne's account and Cook's letters. However, some argue that Cook's trip happened too late to influence Verne. According to a second-hand 1898 account, Verne refers to a Cook advertisement as a source for the idea of his book. In interviews in 1894 and 1904, Verne says the source was "through reading one day in a Paris cafe" and "due merely to a tourist advertisement seen by chance in the columns of a newspaper." ''Around the World'' itself says the origins were a newspaper article. All of these point to Cook's advert as being a probable spark for the idea of the book.<ref name=butcher/>

The periodical ''Le Tour du monde'' (3 October 1869) contained a short piece titled "Around the World in Eighty Days", which refers to {{convert|140|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} of the railway not yet completed between Allahabad and Bombay, a central point in Verne's work. But even the ''Le Tour de monde'' article was not entirely original; it cites in its bibliography the ''Nouvelles Annales des Voyages, de la Géographie, de l'Histoire et de l'Archéologie'' (August 1869), which also contains the title ''Around the World in Eighty Days'' in its contents page. The ''Nouvelles Annales'' were written by [[Conrad Malte-Brun]] (1775–1826) and his son [[Victor Adolphe Malte-Brun]] (1816–1889). Scholars{{Who|date=March 2017}} believe that Verne was aware of the ''Le Tour de monde'' article, the ''Nouvelles Annales,'' or both and that he consulted it or them, noting that the ''Le Tour du monde'' even included a trip schedule very similar to Verne's final version.<ref name=butcher/>

A possible inspiration was the traveller [[George Francis Train]], who made four trips around the world, including one in 80 days in 1870. Similarities include the hiring of a private train and being imprisoned. Train later claimed, "Verne stole my thunder. I'm Phileas Fogg."<ref name=butcher/>

[[File:Verne Denoument.jpg|thumb|The book page containing the famous ''dénouement'' (page 312 in the Philadelphia – Porter & Coates, 1873 edition)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://truescans.com/index-Verne-2.htm |title=TrueScans of Around the World in Eighty Days; Philadelphia – Porter & Coates, 1873 |publisher=Truescans.com |access-date=13 January 2013 |archive-date=3 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503043818/http://truescans.com/index-Verne-2.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Regarding the idea of gaining a day, Verne said of its origin: "I have a great number of scientific odds and ends in my head. It was thus that, when, one day in a Paris café, I read in the ''Siècle'' that a man could travel around the world in 80 days, it immediately struck me that I could profit by a difference of meridian and make my traveller gain or lose a day in his journey. There was a [[dénouement]] ready found. The story was not written until long after. I carry ideas about in my head for years – ten, or 15 years, sometimes – before giving them form." In his April 1873 lecture, "The Meridians and the Calendar", Verne responded to a question about where the change of day occurred since the [[International Date Line]] only became current in 1880 and the Greenwich prime meridian was not adopted internationally until 1884. Verne cited an 1872 article in ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]],'' and [[Edgar Allan Poe]]'s short story "Three Sundays in a Week" (1841), which was also based on going around the world and the difference in a day linked to a marriage at the end. Verne even analysed Poe's story in his ''Edgar Poe and His Works'' (1864).<ref name=butcher/>